Grammatical FragmentΓραμματικὸν Ἀπόσπασμα
Greek Grammarian Anonymous Grammatical Fragment PDF
The Grammatical Fragment is an anonymous grammatical treatise surviving in two brief passages. Its title suggests it is an excerpt from a larger, now lost work. The extant text systematically details the declension of possessive pronouns, categorizing them by number—singular, dual, and plural—and by case, including the genitive, dative, and accusative. It provides the forms for the first-person, second-person, and third-person possessives, noting that the feminine and neuter genders are declined similarly. The fragment breaks off as it begins to introduce a discussion on the article. This technical focus places the work within the tradition of Hellenistic and Roman-era grammatical scholarship, which sought to analyze and codify the parts of speech and their accidents. The work survives only in fragmentary form, likely preserved on papyrus or as a quotation within another text, with no known manuscript tradition. While its direct influence cannot be traced, the fragment contributes to the substantial corpus of Greek grammatical writings that systematized the language and provided the foundation for later linguistic study in the Byzantine and Renaissance periods.
| [45] | [Περὶ ἀντωνυμίας] [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] [ ἐντὸς δυϊκαὶ] [ἐκτὸς πληθυντι]κ̣α̣ὶ̣ ὀρ̣θ̣ῆ̣[ς] π̣τώ̣σε[ως, νωΐτεροι, σφωΐ]τε̣ρ̣οι̣, γ̣ε̣ν̣ι̣κῆς [νωϊτέρων, σφω]ϊτ̣έ̣ρ̣ω̣ν̣, δ̣ο̣τ̣ι̣κ̣ῆ̣[ς] ν̣ω̣[ϊτέροις, σφωϊτ]έρο̣ι̣ς, αἰ̣τιατικῆς [νωϊτέρους, σφω]ϊτέρου̣ς. ἐντὸς πλη[θυντικαὶ 〈ἐκτὸς ἑνικαὶ〉 ὀρθῆς πτώσ]ε̣ω̣ς̣, ἡ̣μέτερος, ὑ̣μέ[τερος, σφέτερος, γ]ενικῆς ἡμετέρου, [ὑμετέρου, σφετέ]ρου, δοτικῆς [ἡμετέρῳ, ὑμετέρῳ], σφετέρῳ, αἰ̣τ̣ι̣ατι[κῆς ἡμέτερον, ὑ]μ̣έτερον, σφέτ̣ε̣ρον. [ἐντὸς πληθυντικ]α̣ὶ̣ ἐ̣κ̣τ̣ὸς δυϊκα̣ὶ̣ ὀ̣ρθ̣ῆ̣ς̣ [καὶ αἰτιατικῆς πτώσ]ε̣ω̣[ς] ἡμετέρω, ὑ̣μετ̣έ[ρ]ω̣, [σφετέρω, γενικ]ῆ̣ς̣ κ̣αὶ δοτικῆς̣ [ἡμετέροιν, ὑμετέ]ρ̣οιν, σφετέροιν. [ἐντὸς καὶ ἐκτὸς] π̣ληθυντικα̣ὶ̣ ὀρθῆς [πτώσεως, ἡμέτε]ροι, ὑμέτεροι, σφέτεροι, [γενικῆς ἡμετέρων, 〈ὑμετέρων〉, σ]φ̣ε̣τ̣έ̣[ρω]ν̣, δο̣τικῆς̣ [ἡμετέροις, ὑμετέροις, σφετέ]ρ̣οι̣ς̣, αἰτια[τικῆς ἡμετέρους, ὑμετέρους, σφετέρο]υ̣ς. ὁμ̣οί̣ως̣ δ̣ὲ α̣ὐ̣τοῖς καὶ̣ τ̣ὰ θ̣[η]λυκὰ καὶ τὰ οὐ̣θέ̣τ̣ερα κλ̣{ε}ίνετ̣[αι]. περὶ ἄρθρου ἄρθρον δέ ἐ̣σ̣τιν συ̣λλαβ̣ὴ προτακτικὴ καὶ [ὑ]ποτακτι̣κὴ̣ π̣[α]ντὸς ὀνόματος δια̣φόρως εἰ̣[ς] τ̣ὰ̣ς̣ πτώσ̣〈ε〉ις πα̣ρασχημ̣ατ̣ιζο̣μ̣ένη̣. τῶν δὲ ἄρθρων ἃ μέν ἐστιν προτα̣κτ̣ι̣κά, ἃ δὲ ὑποτακτικά. προτακτ[ικ]ὸ̣ν μὲν οὖν ἐ̣στιν ὁ̣, τοῦ, τῷ, τό̣ν, ὑ̣ποτακτικὰ δὲ̣ ὅ̣ς, οὗ, ᾧ, ὅν̣. ὁμ̣οί̣ως δὲ αὐτοῖ̣ς [κ]α̣ὶ̣ τ̣ὰ θηλυκὰ καὶ̣ [τὰ ο]ὐ̣θ̣έ̣τερα κλ{ε}ίν̣[ετ]α̣ι̣. περὶ προθ̣έ̣[σε]ω̣ς π̣ρόθε̣σ̣[ις] δέ ἐστ̣ιν μέρος λ̣όγ̣ο[υ] κα[τὰ μ]ό̣ν̣ο̣ν̣ σ̣χ̣ηματισμὸν ἐκ̣φ̣ερομέ̣ν̣η̣ π̣[α]ντ̣ὸς μέρους λόγ̣ου̣ προθ̣ε̣τι̣κ̣[ή. ἅπ]α̣σ̣αί ε̣[ἰσιν μὲ]ν̣ δεκαοκτώ, αἵδε [εἰ]σ̣ι̣[ν αὗται, ἀνά,] παρά, ἀντί, μ̣[ετά, κατά, διά,] ἀπό, σύν, ἐν, [ἐξ, πρό, πρός,] εἰς, ἐπ̣[ί, περί, ἀμφί, ὑπό, ὑπέρ.] π̣[ερὶ ἐπιρρήματος] ἐπίρ〈ρ〉η̣[μα δέ ἐστιν λέξις προτα]κτικὴ [καὶ ὑποτακτικὴ παντὸς ῥή]ματος [ἀκλίτως σημαίνουσα ποσό]τη[τ]α ἢ̣ [ποιότητα καὶ μεσότητα] ἢ χρόν[ον ἢ τόπον ἢ ἄρνησιν] ἢ ἐπικ[έλευσιν ἢ ἀπαγόρευσιν] ἢ διστα̣[σμὸν ἢ συγκατάθεσιν] ἢ εὐχὴ̣[ν ἢ παραβολήν. ποσότη]τος μὲ[ν οὖν ἐστιν δηλωτικὰ τὰ τοι]α̣ῦ̣τα̣, ἅπ[αξ, δίς, τρίς, τετράκις,] ὀλιγάκισ[, πολλάκις. |
| (50) [55] | ποιότητος δέ,] καλῶς, σ̣ο̣[φῶς, βοτρυδόν, ἀγεληδόν,] νύξ, γ̣ν̣[ύξ, λάξ, ὀδάξ. ταῦτα] δὲ καὶ μ̣ε[σότητος καλεῖται. χρόνου] δέ, νῦ̣ν̣, [ἐχθές, αὔριον. τόπου δέ,] ἐνταῦθ̣α̣, [χαμαί, ἔξω. ἀρνήσεως δέ,] οὐ, οὐχί, [οὐδῆτα. ἐπικελεύσεως δέ,] |