Grammatical FragmentΓραμματικὸν Ἀπόσπασμα
Greek Grammarian Anonymous Grammatical Fragment PDF
The Grammatical Fragment is an anonymous Greek treatise surviving as a single passage. It represents a brief, unidentified piece of grammatical writing, though its precise subject matter remains unspecified. The surviving text discusses the classification of accents, breathings, and vowel quantities, providing examples for each category, such as the acute, grave, and circumflex accents, the rough and smooth breathings, and long and short vowels. It further addresses punctuation marks like the apostrophe, hyphen, and distinctio, and concludes with a section on the parts of speech, noting a traditional division into eight categories, including noun, appellative, participle, article, and pronoun, while also mentioning an alternative system that consolidates some of these. The work survives as a fragment, likely transmitted indirectly through quotation by a later author or within a manuscript anthology. Its form suggests it is either incomplete or an excerpt from a larger, now lost, grammatical composition. As an anonymous grammatical fragment, it forms part of the broad tradition of linguistic study in the Greco-Roman world. Such texts collectively informed later grammatical scholarship, though this specific fragment's individual influence cannot be traced.
| [35] | σιν αἱ μὲν κυρίως λεγόμεναι ζ , αἵδε, ὀξ[εῖα, βαρεῖα,] περισπωμένη, δασεῖα, ψιλή, μακρά, βραχεῖ[α. τούτων] τονι [κ]αὶ μὲ[ν] ⟦ . ⟧ γ , ὀξεῖα, βαρεῖα, περισπωμ[ένη. χρονι][κ]αὶ δ[ὲ] δύο, δα[σ]εῖα ἢ ψιλή. πνευματικαὶ δὲ β , [μακρά, βραχεῖα.] αἱ δ[ὲ] 〈κατα〉χρηστικ̣ῶς λεγόμεναι ⟦ ε ⟧ καὶ [σ]ημείω[ν τρεῖς,] ἀποστροφή, ὑφέν, διαστολὴ καθ’ {ε}ἱδίαν. ὀξεί[ας μὲν] ὑπ[ο]δ ⟦ ε ⟧ είγματος χάριν, οἷον εὔνους, βαρεία[ς] δ[ὲ οἷον ...] περισπωμένης δ’ οἷον εὖχος, δα[σ]είας οἷον α̣[ .... ψιλῆς] οἷο[ν] ἔ̣πο̣ς, μακρᾶ〈σ〉 οἷον ὔλη, βραχείας οἷον ὔδ[ωρ, ἀποστρο]φῆς οἷον ὡς ἔφατ’, ὑφὲν οἷον «πρὸς κοτυλη [Partial Letter] δ̣[ονόφιν]», διαστολῆ〈σ〉 καθ’ {ε}ἱδίαν οἷον «ἐμοὶ δ’ ὄνομ[α, κλυτὸν Αἴ]θων» .. ε[ . ]ιδης, Νη̣λεεΐδες: spatium μέρη τοῦ λόγου ἐστὶν κατὰ μέν τενας θ , τ[αῦτα, ὄνο]μα, προσηγορία, μετοχή, ἄρθρον, ἀντωνυμ̣[ία, κατὰ] δὲ τὴν συμπεφωνημένην ἀγριβὴ π̣[αράδοσιν] η . συναιροῦσι γὰρ εἰς ἓν τήν δε προσηγορ[ίαν, ⟦ μετο] χην ⟧ , ⟦ αρθρον ⟧ , ⟦ αντ ⟧ καὶ τὸ ὄνομα καὶ τὴν μ[ετοχὴν μετὰ τὸ] ὄνομα ἀποδ ⟦ ε ⟧ ίδοντες, τοῦτ’ ἔστι κύριο[ν τῶν τῇ] πτωτικῇ κλ{ε}ίσ〈ε〉ι ὑ̣π̣ο̣πιπτόντων μερῶ[ν ...... ] τὰ δὲ ὑποπίπτοντα {τῶν} τῇ πτωτικῇ κλ[ίσει ἐστὶ] τ[ά]δε, ὄνομα, προσηγορία, μετοχή, ἄρθρ[ον, ἀντω]ν[υ]μία. τούτ ⟦ ο ⟧ ‵ ω ′ν ⟦ τον ηκ̣εμεν ⟧ ‵ τῶν ὀνομάτων ἐστὶν ′ τρία 〈γένη〉, κατὰ [δέ τινας] π̣έ̣ν̣τε , ⟦ ορθ̣η, γενικη ⟧ ἀρσενικόν, θηλυ[κόν, οὐδέτε]ρ[ο]ν, κοινὸν καὶ ἐπίκοινον. ἀρσενικὸν̣ [μὲν οὖν] ἐστιν οὗ προτάσσεται 〈ἐπὶ〉 τῆς ὀρθῆ̣ς ἑνικῆ̣[ς πτώσε]ως ἄρθρον τὸ ὁ , οἷον ὁ Ἀρίσταρτος. θηλυ[κὸν δέ] ἐστιν οὗ προτάσσεται 〈ἐπὶ〉 τῆς ὀρθῆς ἑν[ι]κῆς̣ [πτώσεως] ἄρθρον τὸ ἡ , οἷον ἡ Ἑλένη. οὐδ[έ]τερον δέ̣ [ἐστιν οὗ προτάσ]σεται 〈ἐπὶ〉 τῆς ὀρθῆς ἑνικῆς πτώσεως ἄρθρον̣ [τὸ τό , οἷ]ον τὸ παιδεῖον. κοινὸν δέ ἐστιν ὃ τὰς μ[ὲν πτώ]σ̣[ει]ς ἔ̣χ̣ε̣[ι] τ̣ὰς αὐτάς, ὑποτάσσεται δὲ ἄρθρο[ις διαφόροις,] [οἷον ἵ]π̣[πο]ς̣, βοῦς, ὄνος, λίθος καὶ τὰ ὁμοῖα. [λέγομεν] γ̣[ὰρ ὁ] ἴππος καὶ ἡ ἴππος καὶ ὁ βοῦς καὶ ἡ βο[ῦς καὶ ὁ ὄνος] κ[αὶ] ἡ ὄνος καὶ ὁ λίθος καὶ ἡ λίθος ἐπίκοιν[ον δὲ] ὃ διὰ μ{ε}ίας λέξεως τό δε ἀρσενικὸν καὶ [τὸ θηλυκὸν] σ̣η̣μ̣έ̣ν̣ε̣ι̣ ⟦ δε ⟧ ‵ τῷ ′ δὲ ἑτέρῳ̣ τῶν ἄρθρων προκατ̣[ειλημμέ]νον ἤτοι ἀρσενικῷ{ν} ἢ θηλυκῷ{ν} καθ[ ±’7 ] ε̣[ . ] .. [ . ] οἷον ἀετός, χελιδών, ἡ χε〈λι〉δ̣ών. [ ±7 ] |