Grammatical FragmentΓραμματικὸν Ἀπόσπασμα
Greek Grammarian Anonymous Grammatical Fragment PDF
The Grammatical Fragment is a short, anonymous Greek treatise on grammar preserved in five passages. It belongs to the long tradition of Greek grammatical writing, which ranges from foundational works like Dionysius Thrax’s Art of Grammar to the advanced syntactical studies of Apollonius Dyscolus. As a grammatical treatise, its content logically encompasses standard topics of the discipline, including the analysis of language and the parts of speech, as well as principles of correct usage and morphology. The surviving text explicitly discusses the three persons of discourse, the three figures of word formation, and lists the eight parts of speech with examples. The work survives as a fragment, transmitted among the numerous anonymous grammatical texts and scholia preserved in Byzantine manuscripts, which compiled and commented upon earlier linguistic scholarship. While the specific influence of this fragment is untraceable, the collective corpus of ancient and Byzantine grammatical works was essential for preserving the Greek language, teaching rhetoric and philosophy, and transmitting classical literature through the medieval period and into the Renaissance.
| 1 | [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] πνεύματα δύο, δα̣σ̣ύ, ψιλόν. [πρό]σωπα τρία , [πρῶ]τον ἀφ’ οὗ [ὁ λό]γος . δεύτερον [πρὸ]ς̣ ὃ̣ν̣ ὁ λόγος: [τρί]τον περ̣ὶ̣ ο̣ὗ̣ [ὁ λό]γ̣ος: σχήματα [τρί]α̣: ἁπλοῦν, σύνθετον, [πα]ρασύνθετον. ἁπλοῦν μὲν οἷον Μέμνων: σύνθετον δὲ [οἷο]ν Ἀγαμέμνων. [παρα]σ̣ύ̣[ν]θ̣ετον δὲ [οἷον Ἀγαμ]ε̣μ̣νονίδ[ης]. |
| 2 | [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] μ̣έ̣ρ̣η̣ τ̣ο̣ῦ̣ λό̣γ̣[ο]υ [ὀ]κ̣[τ]ώ̣: ὄνομα οἷο̣[ν] Σ̣ωκράτης: ῥῆμα οἷον ποιῶ, ποιεῖς, ποιεῖ̣. |
| 3 | μετοχή: οἷον ποιῶν, ποιοῦσα, ποι̣[ο]ῦν: ἄρθ〈ρ〉ον οἷον ὁ, ἡ , τό . ἀ̣[ντ]ω̣[ν]υ̣[μία] οἷον ἐμός̣ . [ πρόθε] σ̣ις οἷον ἀ[ ] ἐπίρ‵ ρ ′ημα̣ [οἷον ] σαφῶς α̣[ ] σύνδεσ[μος οἷον ] ρα . [ . ] . [ ] προσῳδίαι δ̣[ ] ὀ̣ξ‵ ε̣ ′ῖ̣α̣ οἷον θεός, βαρε̣ῖ̣α̣ ο̣ἷον εὐχή, περι[σ]πωμ[έ][νη οἷ]ον α̣θα̣ι̣ .... |
| (50) | [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] γένη τρία, ἀρσενικόν, θη̣[λ]υ̣κόν, [οὐδέ]τερον. [ἀριθ]μ̣οὶ τρε ‵ ῖ ′ς [ἑνικ]ός, [δυϊκ]ός, [πλη]θ̣υντικός. [πτ]ώ̣σεις πέ ντε ὀρθή, γενική, δοτική, αἰτιατικ̣[ή], [κλητική] [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] ο̣π̣ι̣ρ̣ πρ ο θ έ σει ς α ἱ̣ π̣[ᾶσαι] δεκαοκτώ, [ὧ]ν̣ μονο)ς ύ λλ α β οι [μὲν ἕξ, πρό ] ἐν , ἐξ , εἰ‵ ς ′ , σύν , π̣[ρός], δ ι ς ύλ λ α β ο ι δὲ δ̣[ώδεκα] ἀνά , κ α τά, διά, [ἀπό, ὑπό,] ἐ π ί , περ ί, ὑπ έ ρ, [παρ]ά̣, με τά, ἀ ν τί, ἀ μ φ ί. |
| (50) | δ ί φ θο γγ ο ι αἱ πᾶσα̣ [ι] ἕνδε[κα ] [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] |