eul_wid: rhg-ar
DOI 10.5281/zenodo.20335421 PDFMarkdown

On Magnificence by Anonymous Rhetorical Treatises

On Magnificence is an anonymous Greek rhetorical treatise composed as a formal oration. It examines the classical aretē of megaloprepeia, or magnificence, which pertains to the appropriate and large-scale expenditure of private wealth for public benefit, a concept previously analysed in the ethical works of Aristotle. The text advises the orator on cultivating a dignified and impressive character through speech. It suggests that in prologues, a plain and seemingly artless style can project fairness, while in narrative sections, imitating the manner of a modest young man—for instance, by downplaying one's own strength relative to the scale of an injustice—can make one's ethical character appear nobler and more magnificent, particularly before a jury.

The treatise thus engages with core themes associated with this aretē in Greek thought, including the ethical definition of magnificent spending as distinct from vulgar display or miserliness, the relationship between private wealth and public service in building civic reputation, and the importance of appropriateness, scale, and taste in such virtuous actions. Suitable objects for this expenditure traditionally included public buildings, religious offerings, and civic festivals. The work survives only in a fragmentary state, preserved as five distinct passages, which suggests it may be a short treatise or excerpts incorporated into a larger manuscript collection. While the direct influence of this particular anonymous text cannot be traced, its central concept of magnificence remained a significant element in Greco-Roman and later European discourses on ethics, civic duty, and the responsible use of wealth.

ΠΕΡΙ ΜΕΓΑΛΟΠΡΕΠΕΙΑΣ

καὶ ἄλλοι τινὲς τὲ ἀξιώσοντι. καὶ αἴ κʼ ἐν τᾶι λέξει τᾶι κατʼ ἀρχὰς τᾶν ἐφόδων … καὶ μὴ γεγραμμέναις δοκῆι χρῆσθαί τις, ἀλλὰ ἰδιωτικαῖς, καὶ μηδὲν ὡς ἀκρειβέως εἰδὼς ἀλλʼ ὡς οἰόμενος καὶ ἀκακοὼς λέγηι ἢ τῶν δικαστήρων ἢ ἄλλων τινῶν. ἐν μὲν τοῖς προοιμίοις ταῦτα χρήσιμα ἐς ἐπιείκειάν ἐντι, ἐν δὲ τᾶι διηγήσει τῶν πραγμάτων, ὥστε βέλτειον καὶ μεγαλοπρεπέστερον τὸ ἦθος φαίνεσθαι, τάδε χρήσιμα· μιμήσασθαι δεῖ τὸν ἔτι νέον. καὶ πρᾶτον λέγεν τὰν ἰσχὺν μικκὰν ὡς ποτὶ τὸ μέγεθος τὸ τῶν ἀδικημάτων σαμαίνω. ἐν τοῖς δικαστήρεσσι μὴ ἀφανιάζεν, εἰ δὴ μόνως ἐθέλεις μεγαλοπρεπεστέρως λέγεν. καὶ … αλλον … τους αντιλε …

… ραδ … περι … περιπ … παν … βαιων … ανωμ … δυ … περὶ ὧν … με … ρ … τοις διαλέγεται. καὶ δʼ τι κʼ ἀξιῶντι, τοῦτο μέγα. οἷον «οὐδʼ εἰ χρυσείηι Ἀφροδείτηι εἶδος ἐρίζοι», «οὐδʼ ὅσα λάινος οὐδὸς ἀφήτορος», «οὐδʼ ὅσα Θήβαις Αἰγυπτίαις», καὶ «ὅσα ψάμαθός τε κόνις τε». παραδείγματα δὲ οἷον «οὐρανῶι ἐστήριξε κάρη καὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ βαίνει», καὶ Σοφοκλῆς … τέκνον οὐδὲ … α αφαν … α παρα …

… νη … τον … θαυμάζομεν … περοιμαν … εις τε καὶ κλυ … μεγαλοπρεπέστερα … πάντα φαινε … ελλων δι … μενα τ … ἔτι δὲ μηδὲν αἰσχρὸν μηδὲ προπετὲς ἁδέως λέγε. καὶ γὰρ μικκοπρεπὲς τὸ τοιοῦτον καὶ ἀκολάστω ἤθεος. τὸ δὲ φεύγεν τὰς αἰσχρολογίας μεγαλοπρεπὲς καὶ κόσμος λόγω. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα πάντα, ὅ τι διαγασῇ, μετά τινος ὑποθέσιος χρηστᾶς διάγεο καὶ διανοίας, ἢ διορθώμενός τι ἢ οἰόμενος ἢ χρήιζων … ω … μ …

πινοις, τὼς δὲ πονηρὼς μεμφόμενος. ὁποίως γὰρ ἤ κʼ αἴρηις καὶ ἐπαινῆις ἢ μέμφηι ἢ μισῆις ἢ ἀσπάζηι, εἰ χρήιζοι, τοιοῦτον τὲ ὑπολαμψοῦνται ἦμεν. οἱ γὰρ πολλοὶ τὼς ὁμοίως ἀποδέχονται. ὧ δὴ καὶ τῆνο εἴρηται «οὐ πώποτʼ ἠρώτησα γεινώσκων, ὅτι τοιοῦτός ἐστιν, οἷσπερ ἥδεται ξυνών». … αε … τούτοις … εστια και … μενεστ … λέγεν ον … ἐπιεικέως μεγαλοπρεπὲς φαίνεται, κοινὸν δʼ ἐστὶ ποτὶ πιθανότητα τοῦτο. οἷον γὰρ μὴ ἐπιβεβωλευκῆμεν ἀλλʼ αὐτοσχεδιάζεν τὸ ἐπιλελᾶσθαι. ἔστι δʼ ὅκα μιν τὰ τοιαῦτα ποτιποιωσο. σχεδὸν δὲ καὶ πᾶν τὸ εἰρωνικὸν μεγαλοπρεπές.