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Zosimus Speaks-Lime
Ζώσιμος λέγει περὶ τῆς ἀσβέστου

Zosimus of Panopolis Zosimus Speaks Lime PDF

"Zosimus Speaks-Lime" is a concise technical treatise on alchemy authored by Zosimus of Panopolis around 300 CE. Written in Koine Greek, the work provides direct instructions for the preparation and handling of "unquenchable lime," known as quicklime or calcium oxide. The text details the calcination of alabaster stone to produce the substance, its vigorous reaction with strong vinegar, and subsequent processing involving exposure to sun and dew. This practical description reflects the hands-on laboratory knowledge of late antique Egyptian craftsmen, particularly from metallurgical and dyeing contexts.

The treatise survives as a fragment from Zosimus's more extensive efforts to systematize earlier alchemical techniques. While primarily technical, the author frames the process with allusions to secrecy and divine artistry, situating it within a tradition where material operations often carried symbolic meanings related to purification and transformation. The work is preserved within medieval collections of Greek alchemical writings, such as the tenth- or eleventh-century manuscript Marcianus graecus 299. Through later translations into Syriac and Arabic, Zosimus's writings, including this brief tract, served as a critical conduit for practical chemical knowledge between the ancient world and later Islamic and European alchemical traditions.

1 Ζώσιμος λέγει περὶ τῆς ἀσβέστου Δῆλα ὑμῖν ποιοῦμαι. Γινώσκεται γὰρ ὅτι ὁ λίθος ὁ ἀλαβαστρίτης ἐγκέφαλος κέκληται διὰ τὸ κάτοχον αὐτὸν εἶναι πάσης βαφῆς φευκτῆς. Λαβὼν οὖν τὸν ἀλαβάστρινον λίθον, ὄπτα νυχθήμερον καὶ ἔχε ἄσβεστον. Καὶ λαβὲ ὄξος δριμύτατον καὶ κατάσβεσον καὶ θαυμάσεις θείαν γὰρ ποίησιν· τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν λευκοτάτην ποιεῖ. Καὶ ἔα καταστῆναι καὶ ἐπίβαλλε αὐτῷ ὄξους δριμυτάτου, οὐκ ἐμφίμῳ ἀλλ’ ἀπώμῳ ἵνα τὴν ἐπιτρέχουσαν αἰθάλην καθ’ ἑκάστην ἐπαίρῃς. Ἔτι λαβὼν ὄξος δριμὺ δι’ ἑπτὰ ἡμερῶν τὴν αἰθάλην ἐπαίρῃς. Οὕτως ποίει ἄχρις ἂν ἡ αἰθάλη μὴ ἀναπέμπηται καὶ ἔασον ἡμέρας τεσσαράκοντα ἐν ἡλίῳ καὶ δρόσῳ τῇ ἐμπροθέσμῳ καὶ γλύκασον ὕδατι ὑετίῳ καὶ ξηράνας ἐν ἡλίῳ, ἔχε τὸ μυστήριον ἀμετάδοτον, ὃ οὐδεὶς τῶν προφητῶν ἐτόλμησε μυσταγωγῆσαι τῷ λόγῳ, ἀλλὰ μόνον τοῖς νεύμασιν αὑτῶν ἐμυσταγώγουν. Τοῦτο γὰρ τὸ κεφάλαιον ἐκάλεσαν ἐν ταῖς λοξαῖς γραφαῖς λίθον τὸν οὐ λίθον, τὸν ἄγνωστον καὶ πᾶσι γνωστόν, τὸν ἄτιμον καὶ πολύτιμον, τὸν ἀδώρητον καὶ θεοδώρητον· κἀγὼ δὲ αὐτὸν ἐγκωμιάσω τὸν ἀδώρητον καὶ θεοδώρητον, τὸν μόνον ἐν ταῖς ἡμῶν ἐργασίαις κρείττω τοῦ ὑλαίου. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ φάρμακον, τὸ τὴν δύναμιν ἔχον, τὸ Μιθριακὸν μυστήριον. Τὸ γὰρ πνεῦμα τοῦ πυρὸς ἑνοῦται τῷ λίθῳ καὶ γίνεται πνεῦμα μονογενές. Τὰς δὲ ἐργασίας τοῦ λίθου ἑρμηνεύσω ὑμῖν· κόμαρι συμμεμιγμένῳ μαργάρους ἀποτελεῖ ἐπεί τοί γε αὐτὸν χρυσόλιθον ἐκάλεσαν· πάντα δὲ πνεῦμα σεύει τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ ξηρίου. Κἀγὼ κόμαριν μέλλω ἑρμηνεύειν ὑμῖν, ὃ οὐδεὶς ἐτόλμησεν μυσταγωγῆσαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοὶ τοῖς νεύμασι παρέδωκαν. Ἀπέχε ται τὴν θηλυκὴν δύναμιν προτιμοτέραν †αὐτήν†. Αὕτη γὰρ καὶ μόνη ἡ λεύκωσις σεβασμία γέγονε παντὸς προφήτου. Ἑρμηνεύσω ὑμῖν καὶ τοῦ μαργάρου τὴν δύναμιν· ἐργασίαν ἔχει τῷ ἐλαίῳ ἑψόμενον, ὅ ἐστιν θηλυκὴ δύναμις. Λαβὼν μάργαρον τὸ Ἀσιατικόν, ἕψει ἐλαίῳ, οὐκ ὑποφίμῳ ἀλλ’ ἀπώμῳ ἐπὶ ὥρας τρεῖς μέσοις φωσίν· καὶ λαβὼν ῥάκος ἐρίου, ἔκθλιβε ἐν τῷ μαργάρῳ ἵνα ἀποβάλῃ τὸ ἔλαιον. Καὶ ἔχε εἰς τὰς χρείας τῶν καταβαφῶν· ἡ γὰρ τελείωσις τοῦ ὑλαίου διὰ τοῦ μαργά ρου ἐστίν.