Fragments on Life and DutyἈποσπάσματα περὶ Βίου καὶ Καθήκοντος
Apollodorus of Carystus II Fragments on Life and Duty PDF
_Fragments on Life and Duty_ is a modern descriptive title for a collection of excerpts attributed to the New Comedy poet Apollodorus of Carystus. The title is somewhat misleading, as it does not denote a single philosophical treatise but rather a scholarly assemblage of forty-five fragments, likely drawn from one or more of his lost comedies. These plays conventionally explored themes of everyday life and social obligation, which aligns with the collection's thematic title. No complete play by Apollodorus survives. The preserved fragments reflect the standard concerns of New Comedy, including social and familial duties, romantic love, generational conflict, and the role of fortune in human affairs, often illustrated through the genre's typical stock characters such as clever slaves and parasites. These excerpts are preserved indirectly through quotation by later ancient authors, including lexicographers and anthologists like Athenaeus and Stobaeus, who cited them for their linguistic interest or sententious value. Apollodorus was a significant figure in the transition of Greek New Comedy to Roman literature; his plays, including Hecyra and Phormio, were later adapted by the Roman playwright Terence. Although limited in scope, these fragments remain valuable to philologists for reconstructing the language and dramatic conventions of post-Menandrian comedy.
| book 1 | Ἀπραγμόνως ζῆν ἡδύ· μακάριος βίος καὶ σεμνός, ἂν ᾖ μεθ’ ἑτέρων ἀπραγμόνων· ἐν θηρίοις δὲ καὶ πιθήκοις ὄντα δεῖ εἶναι πίθηκον. ὢ ταλαιπώρου βίου. |
| book 1 | Στρατιώτην ἔργον ἄχρι γήρως λαβεῖν ἔστιν διευτυχηκότ’, ἂν μὴ δειλὸς ᾖ. |
| book 1.1 | Τοῖς γὰρ μεριμνῶσίν |
| book 1.2 | τε καὶ λυπουμένοις ἅπασα νὺξ ἔοικε |
| book 1.3 | φαίνεσθαι μακρά. |
| book 1.1 | Ὅτε μειράκιον ἦν, τοὺς ἀώρους ἠλέουν, νυνὶ δ’ ὅταν γέροντος ἐκφορὰν ἴδω, κλάω· πρὸς ἐμὲ γάρ ἐστι |
| book 1.2 | τοῦτ’, ἐκεῖνο δ’ οὔ. |
| book 1 | Οὐ πανταχοῦ Φρύξ εἰμι· τοῦ ζῆν ἢν ὁρῶ κρεῖττον τὸ μὴ ζῆν, χρήσομαι τῷ κρείττονι. |
| book 1.1 | Μὴ καταφρόνει, Φιλῖν’, ἐθῶν γεροντικῶν, οἷς ἔνοχος, εἰς τὸ γῆρας ἂν ἔλθῃς, ἔσει. ἀλλὰ μέγα |
| book 1.2 | τοῦθ’ οἱ πατέρες ἠλαττώμεθα· ὑμεῖς μὲν ὠνειδίσατ’, ἐάν |
| book 1.3 | τι μὴ ποιῇ[ln_5]ὁ πατὴρ |
| book 1.4 | προθύμως, οὐ γέγονας αὐτὸς νέος; τῷ δὲ πατρὶ πρὸς τὸν υἱόν, ἂν ἀγνωμονῇ, οὐκ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν, οὐ γέγονας αὐτὸς γέρων; |
| book 2.1 | Φυσικὸν |
| book 2.2 | τοῦθ’ ἕκαστον ἐν |
| book 2.3 | ταῖς ἀτυχίαις ἥδιστα |
| book 2.4 | τοῦθ’ ὃ τοὺς ὁμοιοπαθεῖς ὀδύρεται. |
| book 1.1 | Οὐδέποτ’ ἀθυμεῖν τὸν κακῶς |
| book 1.2 | πράττοντα δεῖ, ἄνδρες, τὰ βελτίω δὲ προσδοκᾶν ἀεί. |
| book 2.1 | Ταχύ γε |
| book 2.2 | στρατιώτης γέγονας ἀντ’ ἐλευθέρου. |
| book 1.1 | Οὐ δεῖ λέγειν γὰρ μακάριον τὸν |
| book 1.2 | χρήματα ἔχοντα |
| book 1.3 | πλεῖστα, τὸν δὲ μὴ λυπούμενον. |
| book 1.1 | Σχιστὸν |
| book 1.2 | χιτωνίσκον τίν’ ἐνδέδυκας. |
| book 1.1 | Δεῖ τὸν ἀκροατὴν καὶ συνετὸν ὄντως κριτήν |
| book 1.2 | πρὸ τοῦ λεγομένου τὸν βίον διασκοπεῖν, ποῖός |
| book 1.3 | τις ὁ λέγων καὶ πόθεν, καὶ τὴν ἀκμήν ἐκ |
| book 1.4 | παιδὸς αὐτοῦ πρὸς τί καταθέμενος.[ln_5]αὑτοῦ προδότης κακός |
| book 1.5 | τε τῆς ὥρας φύλαξ μάλισθ’ ὁ τοιοῦτος ἀνατρέπει πᾶσαν πόλιν. οὐδὲν γὰρ αἰσχρόν ἐστιν αὐτὸν ἀποτυχεῖν. πράττουσι πάντα· τὴν γὰρ αἰσχύνην πάλαι πᾶσαν ἀπολωλέκασι καθ’ ἑτέρας θύρας. |
| book 1.1 | [ln_10]ὅθεν ἐπιχειρεῖ πάντ’ ἀπηρυθριακότως ἕκαστος αὐτῶν, πρὸς δὲ πάντ’ ἐστὶν θρασύς, ψεύδετ’, ἐπιορκεῖ, μαρτυρεῖ, δικορραφεῖ, κλέπτει, τελωνεῖ, ῥᾳδιουργεῖ· τὸ δὲ πέρας, οὐ πόλιν ὅλην |
| book 1.2 | φυλὴν δὲ μαλακὸς ἀνατρέπει.[ln_15]ἐπεὶ κατὰ μέρος τὰς πόλεις, ὦ φίλε Θέων, ὑπὸ λαισποδιῶν γάρ εἰσιν ἀνατετραμμέναι, σκόπει· νεῶν δὲ κατάλογον δόξεις μ’ ἐρεῖν. |
| book 2.1 | Εἰς οἰκίαν ὅταν |
| book 2.2 | τις εἰσίῃ φίλου, ἔστιν θεωρεῖν, Νικοφῶν, τὴν |
| book 2.3 | τοῦ φίλου εὔνοιαν εὐθὺς εἰσιόντα τὰς θύρας. ὁ θυρωρὸς ἱλαρὸς |
| book 2.4 | πρῶτόν ἐστιν, ἡ κύων[ln_5]ἔσηνε καὶ προσῆλθ’, ὑπαντήσας δέ τις δίφρον εὐθέως ἔθηκε, κἂν μηδεὶς λέγῃ μηδέν. |
| book 3.1 | Μισῶ τύχην |
| book 3.2 | συνοῦσαν ἀτυχεῖ σώματι· ὅστις γὰρ εὐπορῶν, παρὸν ζῆν ἡδέως, κακῶς διάγει, τί ἄν |
| book 3.3 | τις ἄλλ’ ἢ τῇ τύχῃ μέμφοιτο, διότι δυστυχεῖ σὺν τῇ τύχῃ. |
| book 4.1 | Οὐκ οἶδ’ ὅτῳ πέποιθας ἀργυρίῳ, πάτερ, ὃ καιρὸς ὁ τυχὼν |
| book 4.2 | τοῖς μὲν οὐ κεκτημένοις ἔδωκε, τῶν κεκτημένων δ’ ἀφείλετο. |
| book 5.1 | Χαλεπὸν τύχη ’στὶ πρᾶγμα, χαλεπόν· ἀλλὰ δεῖ αὐτὴν φέρειν κατὰ τρόπον ὥσπερ |
| book 5.2 | φορτίον. |
| book 6 | Μάστιγος οὔσης ὅρκον οἰκέτῃ δίδως; |
| book 7 | Χρόνον γὰρ εἰς τὰ πράγματ’ ἂν λάβῃς, ἅπαντα λήξει καὶ κατασταλήσεται. |