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DOI 10.5281/zenodo.20335421 PDFMarkdown

Fragments on Cooking and Piety by Athenion the Comic Poet

The Fragments on Cooking and Piety comprises a collection of thirty-six passages from the lost comedies of Athenion, a comic poet active in the early Hellenistic period around 300 BCE. Written in Attic Greek verse, these excerpts are representative of the genre of Middle Comedy. The surviving material centres on two principal themes: the satirical treatment of elaborate contemporary cooking and dining culture, and pointed observations on religious piety and ritual practice. As is characteristic of Middle Comedy, the original plays likely employed stock characters such as the boastful professional cook and the social parasite, using comedy to comment on the manners and daily life of Athenian society.

No complete play by Athenion survives; the fragments exist solely because they were quoted by later authors, most notably Athenaeus of Naucratis in his expansive second- or third-century CE work, The Learned Banqueters. The thematic conjunction of culinary art and religious devotion indicates a broader evolution in comedy during this era, marking a transition away from direct political satire toward more generalized social and domestic subjects. These fragments are consequently a source for understanding Hellenistic social customs, evolving culinary practices, and contemporary attitudes toward traditional religion.

ΣΑΜΟΘΡΑιΚΕΣ.
Οὐκ οἶσθʼ ὅτι πάντων ἡ μαγειρικὴ τέχνη
πρὸς εὐσέβειαν πλεῖστα προσενήνεχθʼ ὅλως;
Β. τοιοῦτόν ἐστι τοῦτο; Α. πάνυ γε, βάρβαρε.
τοῦ θηριώδους καὶ παρασπόνδου βίου
ἡμᾶς γὰρ ἀπολύσασα καὶ τῆς δυσχεροῦς
ἀλληλοφαγίας, ἤγαγʼ εἰς τάξιν τινά,
καὶ τουτονὶ περιῆψεν ὃν νυνὶ βίον
ζῶμεν. Β. τίνα τρόπον; Α. πρόσεχε, κἀγώ σοι φράσω.
ἀλληλοφαγίας καὶ κακῶν ὄντων συχνῶν,
γενόμενος ἄνθρωπός τις οὐκ ἀβέλτερος
θύσας ἱερεῖον πρῶτος ὤπτησεν κρέας.
ὡς δʼ ἦν τὸ κρέας ἥδιον ἀνθρώπου κρεῶν,
αὑτοὺς μὲν οὐκ ἐμασῶντο, τὰ δὲ βοσκήματα
θύοντες ὤπτων. ὡς δʼ ἅπαξ τῆς ἡδονῆς
ἐμπειρίαν τίνʼ ἔλαβον, ἀρχῆς γενομένης,
ἐπὶ πλεῖον ηὖξον τὴν μαγειρικὴν τέχνην.
ὅθεν ἔτι καὶ νῦν τῶν πρότερον μεμνημένοι
τὰ σπλάγχνα τοῖς θεοῖσιν ὀπτῶσιν φλογί
ἅλας οὐ προσάγοντες· οὐ γὰρ ἦσαν οὐδέπω
εἰς τὴν τοιαύτην χρῆσιν ἐξευρημένοι.
ὡς δʼ ἤρεσʼ αὐτοῖς ὕστερον, καὶ τοὺς ἅλας
προσάγουσιν ἤδη τῶν ἱερῶν γεγραμμένων,
τὰ πάτρια διατηροῦντες, ἅπερ ἡμῖν μόνα
ἅπασιν ἀρχὴ γέγονε τῆς σωτηρίας,
τὸ προσφιλοτεχνεῖν διά τε τῶν ἡδυσμάτων
ἐπὶ πλεῖον αὔξειν τὴν μαγειρικὴν τέχνην.
Β. καινὸς γάρ ἐστιν οὑτοσὶ Παλαίφατος.
Α. μετὰ ταῦτα γαστρίον τις ὠνθυλευμένον
προϊόντος εἰσηνέγκατʼ ἤδη τοῦ χρόνου·
ἐρίφιον ἐτακέρωσε, πνικτὸν διέλαβεν,
περικομματίῳ διεγίγγρασʼ ὑποκρούσας γλυκεῖ,
ἰχθὺν παρεισεκύκλησεν οὐδʼ ὁρώμενον,
λάχανον, τάριχος πολυτελές, χόνδρον, μέλι.
ὡς πολὺ δὲ διὰ τὰς ἡδονὰς ἃς νῦν λέγω
ἀπεῖχʼ ἕκαστος τοῦ φαγεῖν ἂν ἔτι νεκροῦ,
αὑτοῖς ἅπαντες ἠξίουν συζῆν, ὄχλος
ἠθροίζετʼ, ἐγένονθʼ αἱ πόλεις οἰκούμεναι
διὰ τὴν τέχνην, ὅπερ εἶπα, τὴν μαγειρικήν.
Β. ἄνθρωπε χαῖρε, περὶ πόδʼ εἶ τῷ δεσπότῃ.
Α. καταρχόμεθʼ ἡμεῖς οἱ μάγειροι, θύομεν,
σπονδὰς ποιοῦμεν, τῷ μάλιστα τοὺς θεούς
ἡμῖν ὑπακούειν διὰ τὸ ταῦθʼ εὑρηκέναι
τὰ μάλιστα συντείνοντα πρὸς τὸ ζῆν καλῶς.
Β. ὑπὲρ εὐσεβείας οὖν ἀφεὶς παῦσαι λέγων.
Α. ἥμαρτον. Β. ἀλλὰ δεῦρο σὺ ξυνείσιθι
ἐμοί, τά τʼ ἔνδον εὐτρεπῆ ποίει λαβών.