eul_wid: brc-ad
ἈποσπάσματαOn Human Nature and Barbarians
Antiphon the Sophist of Athens On Human Nature and Barbarians PDF
| 1364 fr a,col 1 | []τ̣ου [] . []ο []λ [ἀνθ]ρ̣ώπ̣οις []μ̣ατα []ητης []ηλου· ε̣ []ωc̣ε̣νε [τε]κμαίρε[σθαι δὲ] παρέχει [] . [ . ]ταc []ειcτων []ρων ⟧ []τα ε̣[]α̣ν []κ̣[ .. ] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []ν̣ο []ν []υ̣c ⟧ ουκ . [] []εν̣[] |
| 1364 fr a,col 2 | ρων ἐπ[ιστάμε‐] θά τε κ[αὶ σέβομεν·] τοὺς δὲ [τῶν τη‐] λοῦ οἰκ[ούν]των, οὔτε ἐπι̣[στ]άμε ⸏ θα οὔτε σέβομεν. ἐν τ[ο]ύτῳ οὖν πρὸς ἀλλήλους βεβαρβαρώμεθα, ἐπεὶ φύσει γε πάντ̣α̣ πάντες ὁμοίως πεφύκ[α‐] μεν καὶ βάρβαροι καὶ ἕλλην[ες] ⸏ εἶναι. σκοπεῖν δ[ὲ] παρέχει τὰ τῶν φύσει [ὄντων] ἀναγκαῖ[α ἐν] πᾶσιν ἀν[θρώ‐] ποις, π̣[οριζόμενά] τε κατὰ τ[ὰς αὐτὰς] δυνά[μεις ἅπασι,] καὶ ἐν̣ [αὐτοῖς τού‐] τοις οὔτε β[άρβα‐] ρος ἀφώρι[σται] ἡμῶν ο̣[ὐδείς,] ⸏ οὔτε ἕλλην. ἀναπνέομέν τε γὰρ εἰς τὸν ἀέρ[α] ἅπαντες κατὰ τὸ στόμ[α] [κ]αὶ κατ̣[ὰ] τὰς ῥῖν̣ας· κ[αὶ γελῶ‐] [με]ν χ[αίροντες τῷ] |
| 1364 fr a,col 3 | [νῷ ἢ] δακρύομε[ν] λ̣υπούμενο̣ι̣· καὶ τῇ ἀκοῇ τοὺς φθόγγους εἰσδεχόμεθα· καὶ τῇ αὐγῇ μετὰ τῆς ὄψεως ὁρῶμεν· καὶ ταῖς χερσὶν ἐργαζόμεθα· καὶ τ̣ο̣ῖς ποσὶν βαδ̣[ίζο‐] μεν . υ̣β[] [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] |
| 1364 fr a,col 4 | . [] τ̣[] .. μ̣ . [] λ̣οι̣ εἰσιν̣ [ κα‐] τὰ τὸ ἀρέ[σκον συν‐] εχώρη[σαν] ἑκαστοι . [] καὶ τοὺ̣ς̣ νόμ[ους ἔθεν‐] το· κ . [ .´ ̣] .... [] [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] |
| 1364 fr b,col 1 | []θ̣ου []νοη []ημε [] .. νευ [] νόμι[μον·] δ̣ικαιοσύνη [δ’ οὖ]ν τὰ τῆς πό[λεω]ς̣ νόμιμα [ἐν ᾗ] ἂν πολι[τεύ]η̣ταί τις μὴ [ ⸏ παρ]αβαίνειν. χρῷτ’ ἂν οὖν ἄνθρωπος μάλιστα ἑαυτῷ ξυμφ[ε]ρόντως δικαιο[σ]ύνῃ, εἰ μετὰ μὲν μαρτύρων τ[ο]ὺς νόμους μεγά[λο]υς ἄγοι, μονούμενος δὲ μαρτύρων τὰ τῆς φύ ⸏ σεως· τὰ μὲν γὰρ τῶν νόμων [ἐπίθ]ετα, τὰ δὲ [τῆς] φύσεως ἀ[ναγ]καῖα· καὶ τὰ [μὲν] τῶν νό[μω]ν̣ ὁμολογη[θέντ]α̣ οὐ φύν[τα ἐστί]ν, τὰ δὲ [τῆς φύσ]εως φύν[τα οὐχ] ὁμολογη‐ |
| 1364 fr b,col 2 | ⸏ θ̣[έ]ντα. [ ⟦ ο] υχ[ο] ⟧ ⟦ μολογηθεν ⟧ ⟦ τα ⟧ τὰ οὖν νόμιμα παραβαίνων εἰ ἂν λάθῃ τοὺς ὁμολογήσαντας καὶ αἰσχύνης καὶ ζημίας ἀπήλλακται, μὴ ⸏ λαθὼν δ’ οὔ· τῶν δὲ τῇ φύσει ξυμφύτων ἐάν τι παρὰ τὸ δυνατὸν βιάζηται, ἐάν τε πάντας ἀνθρώπους λάθῃ, οὐδὲν ἔλαττον τὸ κακόν, ἐάν τε πάντες ἴδωσιν, οὐδὲν μεῖζον· οὐ γὰρ διὰ δόξαν βλάπτεται, ἀλλὰ ⸏ δι’ ἀλήθειαν. ἔστι δὲ τῶνδε ἕνεκα τούτων ἡ σκέψις, ὅτι τὰ πολλὰ τῶν κατὰ νόμον δικαίων πολεμίως τῇ ⸏ φύσ̣[ει] κ̣εῖται· νενο[μο]θ̣[έ]τηται γὰρ [ἐ]πί τε τοῖς ὀφ[θ]αλμοῖς, ἃ δεῖ |
| 1364 fr b,col 3 | αὐτο[ὺ]ς ὁρᾶν καὶ ἃ οὐ [δε]ῖ· καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς ὠσίν, ἃ δεῖ αὐτὰ ἀκούειν καὶ ἃ οὐ δεῖ· καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ γλώττῃ, ἅ τ[ε] δεῖ αὐτὴν λέγειν καὶ ἃ οὐ δεῖ· καὶ ἐπὶ ταῖς χερσίν, ἅ τε δεῖ αὐτὰς δρᾶν ⸏ καὶ ἃ οὐ δεῖ· καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς ποσίν, ἐφ’ ἅ τε δεῖ αὐτοὺς ἰέναι καὶ ἐφ’ ἃ οὐ δεῖ· καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ νῷ, ὧν τε δεῖ αὐτὸν ἐπιθυμεῖν καὶ ⸏ ὧν μή. [ἧττο]ν οὖν οὐδὲν τ[ῇ] φύσει φιλιώτ[ερ]α οὐδ’ οἰκειότε[ρα] ἀ̣φ’ ὧν οἱ νόμο[ι ἀ]ποτρέπουσι τ[οὺς] ἀν[θ]ρ̣ώπ[ους] ἢ ἐ̣φ’ ἃ [ἐπιτρέ‐] ⸏ πουσ[ιν.] τ̣[ὸ γὰρ] ζῆν [ἐ]στι τῆς φύ̣σεως κ[αὶ τ]ὸ ἀποθαν[εῖ]ν̣, καὶ τὸ μὲν̣ [ζ]ῆν αὐτ[οῖς] ἐστι[ν ἀ]πὸ τῶν ⸏ ξυμ[φερό]ντω̣[ν,] τὸ δὲ ἀ[ποθανεῖν] ἀ̣πὸ τ̣[ῶν μὴ ξυμ‐] |
| 1364 fr b,col 4 | φερόντω[ν. τὰ] δὲ ξυμφέρ[οντα,] τὰ μὲν ὑπ[ὸ τῶν] νόμων κε[ί‐] μενα δεσμ[οὶ] τῆς φύσεώς ἐ[στι,] τὰ δ’ ὑπὸ τῆς φ̣ύ̣ ⸏ σεως ἐλεύθερα. [οὔ‐] κουν τὰ ἀλγύνοντα ὀρθῷ γε λ̣[ό‐] γῳ ὀνίνησιν τὴ[ν] φύσιν μᾶλλον ἢ τὰ εὐφραίνον ⸏ τα· οὔκουν [ἂ]ν οὐδὲ ξυμφέροντ’ εἴη τὰ λυποῦ̣[ντα] μᾶλλον ἢ τ[ὰ ἥ‐] δοντ[α]· τὰ γὰρ τῷ̣ ἀλη[θε]ῖ ξυμφέρ[οντ]α οὐ βλάπ[τει]ν δεῖ, ἀλ[λ’ ὠ‐] ⸏ φ̣[ε]λεῖν. τὰ τοίνυ[ν] τῇ φύσει ξυμφ̣έροντα τ[α]υτ[ .. ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ...... ]ο̣τ̣ι̣α̣[ .. ] [ ...... ]απ[ ... ] [ ...... ]ανα̣[] [ ..... ]καιοι . [ . ] [ ..... ]ν̣ται, κα[ὶ] [οἵτινε]ς̣ ἂν πα‐ |
| 1364 fr b,col 5 | [θόν]τες ἀμύνων[ται κ]αὶ μὴ αὐτοὶ [ἄρχ]ωσι τοῦ δρᾶν· [καὶ ο]ἵτινε[ς] ἂ̣ν [τοὺς] γειναμέ[νου]ς̣ καὶ κακοὺς ὄ̣ν̣τας εἰς αὐτοὺς εὖ ποιῶσιν· καὶ οἱ κατόμνυσθαι διδόντες ἑτέροις, αὐτοὶ δὲ μὴ κατομνύμε[ ⸏ νοι.] καὶ τούτων τῶν εἰρημένων πολλ’ ἄν τις εὕροι πολέμια τῇ ⸏ φύσει· ἔνι τ’ ἐν αὐτοῖς ἀλγύνεσθαί τε μᾶλλον, ἐξὸν ἥττω, καὶ ἐλάττω ἥδεσθαι, ἐξὸν πλείω, καὶ κακῶς πάσχειν, ἐξὸν μὴ πάσχειν. ε̣ἰ μὲν οὖν τις [τ]οῖς τοιαῦτα προ〈σ〉[ι]ε̣μένοις ἐπικού[ρ]ησις ἐγίγνε[το] παρὰ τῶν νό[μ]ων, τοῖς δ̣ὲ μὴ [π]ρ̣ο〈σ〉ιεμένοις, ἀλ[λ’ ἐ]ναντιουμέ[ν]οις, ἐλάττωσις, |
| 1364 fr b,col 6 | οὐκ ἀν[ωφελὲς ἂν] ἦν τ[ὸ ἐν τοῖς νό‐] ⸏ μοις πεῖ[σμα· νῦν] δὲ φαίνε̣[ται τοῖς] προσιεμ[ένοις] τὰ τοιαῦτα τὸ ἐ[κ] νόμου δίκαι[ον] οὐχ ἱκανὸν ἐπικουρεῖν· ὅ γε πρῶτον μὲν ἐπιτρέπει τῷ πάσχοντι παθεῖν καὶ τῷ ⸏ δρῶντι δρᾶσαι· καὶ οὔτε ἐνταῦθα διεκώλυε τὸν πάσχοντα μὴ παθεῖν οὔτε τὸν δρῶντα δρᾶσαι, εἴς τε τὴν τιμωρίαν ἀναφερόμενον οὐδὲν ἰδιώτερον ἐπὶ [τ]ῷ πεπονθότι ἢ τῷ δεδρακό[τι·] πεῖ̣[σ]αι γὰρ δ[εῖ] α̣[ὐ]τ̣ὸ̣ν̣ [το]ὺς τ[ιμω‐] ρ̣[ήσοντ]ας ὡς ἔπαθεν, [ἢ] δύνασθαι ἀπ[άτ]ῃ̣ δί⸏ κην [ἔχει]ν. ταὐτὰ δὲ κ̣[α]ταλείπετα[ι] καὶ τῷ δράσαντ[ι ἀ]ρνεῖσθαι |
| 1364 fr b,col 7 | [] [] [] [ τῷ] [ἀπο]λ̣ο̣γ̣[οῦντί ἐ‐] σ̣τ̣ι̣ν̣ ἡ ἀπ̣[ολογία] ὅσηπερ τ[ῷ κα‐] τηγοροῦ[ντι ἡ] κατηγορ[ία, ἡ δὲ] πειθὼ ἀν̣[τίπαλος] τῷ γε πε̣[πονθό‐] τι καὶ τῷ [δεδρα‐] κότι ἐ̣γ̣ίγ[νετο] γὰρ ν[] μασι κ[] καὶ κ̣[] δυν[α] δεcα[] ουδ[] μα[] τευ . [] ωcε[] τωι̣[] ⸏ εδ[] α[] τ[] θ[] ⟦ α[] ⟦ ν[] ⟦ αc[] η̣[] ν[] το̣[] ⟦ ν ⟧ [] |
| 1364 fr c | [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] [] .. [] []ν ἱείς· αλ̣[] []χοι[ . ]ανο[] [] . [ ... ]cαλ̣[] []γου· ν[] []ενε[] []α̣υ̣τ[] [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] |
| 1364 fr d | [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] []ο̣ . [] [] .. [] []υ[] []πο[] []υ· . [] []α̣κα [] προc |
| 1364 fr e | [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] []ια̣π̣[] []ο̣υc̣α̣[] [] . οτ[] []τ̣ο . [] [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] |
| 1364 fr f | [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] []αιτ[] [] . μ[] [] . [] [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] |
| 1364 fr g | [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] [] . αλ̣[] []τ̣οτ[] []ι̣θ[] [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] |
| 1364 fr h | [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] []ι̣c[] []ν[] [] . ον[] [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] |
| 1364 fr i | [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] [] . [] []μη[] []φ̣υc[] [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] |
| 1364 fr l | [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] []α̣ . [] []οια̣[] [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] |
| 1364 fr m | [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] []ητ[] []π[] [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] |
| 1364 fr n | [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] []υ[] |
| 1797 fr a,col 1 | [ ...... ] τοῦ δικαίου [ ...... ] . ου δοκουν[ .... τὸ] μαρτυρεῖν [ἐν ἀλ]λ̣ήλοις τἀληθῆ [δίκαιο]ν νομίζεται [εἶναι] καὶ χρήσιμον [οὐδὲν] ἧττον εἰς [τὰ τῶν] ἀνθρώπων [ἐπιτ]η̣δεύματα. [τοῦτο] τοίνυν οὐ δί[καιος] ἔσται ὁ ποιῶν, [εἴπε]ρ τὸ μὴ ἀδικεῖν [μηδ]ένα μὴ ἀδι[κού]μενον αὐτὸν [δίκ]αιόν ἐστιν· ἀνάγ[κη] γὰρ τὸν μαρτυ[ροῦ]ν̣τα, κἂν ἀλη[θῆ μ]α̣ρτυρῇ, ὅμως [ἄλλον π]ως ἀδικεῖν, [εἶτα δὲ α]ὐτὸν ἀ[δι]κ̣ε̣ῖ̣σ̣θαι, [ἐν μίσει] [οὖ]ν ἐνε[χόμενος.] [ἐ]ν ᾧ διὰ τ̣[ὰ ὑπ’ ἐκεί‐] [ν]ου μαρτ[υρηθέν‐] τα ἁλίσκ[ε]ται ὁ καταμαρτυρούμενος καὶ ἀπόλλυσιν ἢ χρήματα ἢ αὐτὸν [δ]ιὰ τοῦτον ὃν οὐδὲν [ἀ]δικεῖ, ἐν μὲν οὖν τ̣ούτῳ τὸν κατα[μ]αρτυρούμενον [ἀ]δ̣ικεῖ, ὅτι οὐκ ἀδι[κο]ῦντα ἑαυτὸν ἀ[δι]κ̣εῖ, αὐτὸς δ’ ἀδικεῖ[ται ὑ]πὸ τοῦ καταμαρ[τυρηθ]έντος, ὅτι μι[σεῖται] ὑ̣π’ αὐτοῦ τ̣ἀ̣‐ |
| 1797 fr a,col 2 | ληθῆ μαρτυ[ρή‐] σας· καὶ οὐ μόν[ον] τῷ μίσει, ἀλλὰ κ[αὶ] ὅτι δεῖ αὐτὸν τ[ὸν] αἰῶνα πάντα φυλάττεσθαι τοῦτο[ν] οὗ κατεμαρτύρ[η‐] σεν· ὡς ὑπάρχε[ι] γ’ αὐτῷ ἐχθρὸς τοιο[ῦ‐] τος, οἷος καὶ λέγειν καὶ δρᾶν εἴ τι δύν[αι‐] ⸏ το κακὸν αὐτόν. κα̣[ί‐] τοι ταῦτα φαίνεται οὐ σμικρὰ ὄντα τἀδικήματα, οὔτε ἃ αὐτὸς ἀδικεῖται οὔτε ἃ ἀδικεῖ· οὐ γὰρ οἷόν τε ταῦτά τε δίκαια εἶναι καὶ τὸ μη[δ]ὲ̣ν ἀδικεῖν μη[δὲ] αὐτὸν ἀδικεῖσθαι· [ἀλ]λ’ ἀνάγκη ἐστὶν [ἢ] τὰ ἕτερα αὐτῶν [δ]ίκαια εἶναι ἢ ἀμ⸏ φότερα ἄδικα. φαίνεται δὲ καὶ τὸ δικάζειν καὶ τὸ κρίνειν καὶ τὸ διαιτᾶν ὅπως ἂν περαίνηται οὐ δίκαια ὄντα· τὸ γὰρ [ἄ]λλους ὠφελοῦν ἄλ[λο]υς βλάπτει· ἐν δὲ [τού]τῳ οἱ μὲν ὠφελού[μενο]ι οὐκ ἀδικοῦ̣[ν‐] [ται, οἱ] δ̣ὲ βλαπτόμε[νοι] [ἀδικο]ῦντα[ι ...... ] [ ..... ]μην[ ........ ] [ .... ] . ι̣νου̣[ ....... ] |
| 1797 fr b | [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] [] τοὺς νόμ̣[ους] [Break in Text (point at which text breaks off for an unknown length)] |