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Aesop the Fabulist Fables Preserved-Assendelftian Wax Tablets in Greek

The work known as the Fables Preserved-Assendelftian Wax Tablets, attributed to the legendary fabulist Aesop, does not correspond to any known artifact or manuscript within the established scholarly corpus of Aesopic literature. The title suggests a collection preserved on wax tablets discovered in Assendelft, Netherlands, but no such archaeological find or textual witness is documented in major reference works or manuscript catalogues. The authentic tradition of fables ascribed to Aesop, a semi-legendary figure of the 6th century BCE, was originally oral and later compiled into various written collections during the Roman Imperial period and beyond. These fables are characterized by concise prose narratives, frequently employing animal characters to convey lessons in practical wisdom, social criticism, and commentary on power dynamics, often highlighting the consequences of folly and the value of cleverness. The transmission of these tales is complex, with no single authoritative text, but rather a fluid tradition preserved in later manuscript collections such as the Collectio Augustana. The purported Assendelftian tablets form no part of this recognized textual history. Despite the apocryphal nature of this specific title, the broader Aesopic tradition holds profound significance, having been utilized in ancient education, adapted by Roman authors like Phaedrus, and exerting a continuous and foundational influence on moral storytelling in Western literature and culture through countless translations and adaptations.

[1] ΛΕΩΝ ΓΗΡΑΣΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΑΛΩΠΗΞ λέων γήρᾳ συσχεθεὶς νοσεῖν προσεποιεῖτο, ὡς διὰ ταύτης τῆς πλάνης τὰ λοιπὰ θηρία [ὡς] εἰς τὴν σύσκεψιν αὐτοῦ ἐρχόμενα κατεδαπάνα. τοιγ(α)ροῦν ἀλώπηξ κατὰ τὴν ἑαυτῆς ἀγχίνοιαν (ἐνό)ησε τὰς ἐνέδρας καὶ οὕτ(ω)ς ἑαυτὴν ἥρμοσεν, ἵνα καὶ τὴν χά(ριν) ἀναπληρώσῃ καὶ (τὸν) κ(ίνδυν)ον ἐκφύγῃ. ἐκτὸς τοῦ σ(πη)λαί(ου) ἑστῶσα ἠσπάσατο (τὸν) λέοντα (〈ἀλλ’〉 οὐ π)ροσήρ(χετο). ἐπ〈ερω〉τ(η)θεῖσα (δὲ ὑ)πὸ τοῦ 〈λέο〉ντος διὰ ( .. τί) μὴ εἰσήρχετ(ο, εἶπε)ν· „(τ)ὰ ἴχ(ν)η μὲν πάντων τῶν θηρίων εἰσερχομένων ὁρῶ, ἐξερχομένων (δ’) οὐχ ὁρῶ.“ διδάσκει ἡμᾶς ὁ μῦθος τὰ μέλλοντα προβλέπειν (ὁ)μοίως. ΛΕΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΜΥΣ μῦς ἐπάνω λέοντο(ς κοιμω)μένου ἐφήλ[λ]ατο (καὶ τὸν ὕ)πνον αὐτοῦ ἐξήγειρεν.
2 (t) ὁ (μὲν λ)έων δραξ(άμε)ν(ος αὐτὸν ἀν)αιρεῖν ἐβούλ(ετο. ἀλλ’ ἐ)κεῖνο〈σ〉 συνγνώμη(ν τῆς ἁμα)ρτίας ᾐτήσατο καὶ ὑπ(ισχνεῖτο) αὐτ〈ῷ οὐ〉κ ἐλάττονα(ς χάριτα)ς ἀνοίσειν [αὐτῷ ὑπισχνεῖτο]. γ(ε)λάσ̣ας δὲ (ὁ λέων, ὅτι) οὕτως ἐλ(άχισ)τον ζ(ῷον τῷ λέοντι) χ(άρι)τας ἀποδώσειν (ἐπηγ)γέλ(λ)ετο, ἀπέλυσεν αὐτόν. οὐ πολ(λῷ δὲ) ὕστερον ὑπὸ κυνηγῶν (συλλη)φθεὶς (ὁ λέων εἰς) δεσμὰ 〈ἐβλήθη〉. τότε (ὁ) μῦς ἀναμνησ(θεὶς τοῦ ἀποδοῦναι) ἑαυτῷ τὴν (χάριν προὐπήδ)ησε διὰ τῆς νυ(κτὸς καὶ διαλ)υσάμενος τὰ δεσ(μὰ ὀδοῦσι ἔσωσεν) αὐτόν. οὕτω πολλά(κις) ἄν(θρωπ)ός τ(ι)ς βοη〈θη〉θῇ ὑπὸ ἡσσό(ν)ω(ν καὶ χάρ)ις ὑπάρχου[σ]α ἔρχ(ηται ἐξ ἀελπίστου) (?). ΑΝΔΡΟΦΟΝΟΣ υἱὸς τὸν ἴδιον πατέρα φονεύσας καὶ τοὺς νόμους φοβηθεὶς ἔφυγεν εἰς ἐρημίαν.
3 (t) καὶ διὰ τῶν ὀρέων παρερχόμενος ἐδιώκετο ὑπὸ λέοντος. καὶ διωκόμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ λέο(ντος) ἀνῆλθεν εἰς δέν(δρον καὶ) εὑρὼν δράκοντ(α ἀνερχό)μενος ἐπὶ τὸ δένδρον καὶ 〈οὐ〉 δυνάμενος ἀνελθεῖν (διὰ τὸν) δράκοντα (πάλιν κ)ατ(ῆλ)θε ... κ(ακοῦργ)ο(ς οὐδεὶς λ)ανθάνει θεόν. ἄγει τὸ θεῖον τοὺς κακοὺς πρὸς τὴν δίκην.