Clinias of Tarentum On Piety and Virtue in Greek
On Piety and Virtue is a lost or fragmentary philosophical work attributed to the Pythagorean thinker Clinias of Tarentum, a friend of Plato noted in biographical sources for his exceptional piety. The treatise, also referenced under the title Extracts, would have addressed the core Pythagorean ethical concerns of proper religious observance toward the divine and the cultivation of moral excellence. No direct attestation of the text exists in major reference sources or manuscript catalogs, and its transmission history is entirely obscure. The alternative title suggests it may have been known in antiquity not as an original, continuous treatise but as a later compilation of sayings. While the work itself is untraceable, Clinias remained an influential exemplar of Pythagorean ethics, with later authors like Iamblichus preserving anecdotes of his virtuous character and actions.
| 108 (1t) | Περὶ ὁσιότητος καὶ εὐσεβείας Stob. 3.1.75 p. 30 He. (Mullach 2 p. 24) 〈Κλεινίου〉 Πυθαγορείου Ταραντίνου. Πᾶσα μὲν ὦν ἀρετὰ τελεοῦται, καθάπερ ἐν ἀρχᾷ διώρισται, ἐκ λόγου καὶ προαιρέσεως καὶ δυνάμεως. τούτων δὲ καθ’ ἑαυτὸ ἕκαστον οὐκ ἀρετᾶς μέρος ἐντί, ἀλλ’ αἴτιον ἀρετᾶς. ὅσοι μὲν οὖν ἔχοντι τὸ νοατικὸν καὶ γνωστικὸν μέρος αὐτᾶς, δεινοί τε καὶ συνετοὶ ὀνυμαίνονται· ὅσοι δὲ τὸ ἠθικόν τε καὶ προαιρετικόν, χρήσιμοί τε καὶ ἐπιεικέες. Stob. 3.1.76 p. 31 He. (Mullach 2 p. 24) Κλεινίου Πυθαγορείου Ταραντίνου ἐκ τοῦ Περὶ ὁσιότητος καὶ εὐσεβείας. Ὁπότας δὲ ἕξω τὰς αἰτίας ἀναιρεῖν, δι’ ἃς ἀδικεῖν πέφυκεν ἄνθρωπος; αὗται δὲ τρεῖς τυγχάνοντι· φιλαδονία μὲν ἐν ταῖς ἀπολαύσεσι ταῖς διὰ σώματος, πλεονεξία δὲ ἐν τῷ κερδαίνειν· φιλοδοξία δὲ ἐν τῷ καθυπερέχειν καὶ 〈ἄρχειν τῶν〉 ἴσων τε καὶ ὁμοίων. δεῖ τοιγαροῦν γνωρίζειν, ὅτι τούτοις ἀντιτιθέμεν οἷόν τέ ἐστιν, ἃ μὲν φόβον ἐμπαρασκευάζοντι τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, ἃ δὲ αἰσχύναν, ἃ δὲ καὶ ἐπιθυμίαν· φόβον μὲν δὴ τῶν νόμων, αἰσχύναν δὲ τῶν θεῶν, ἐπιθυμίαν δὲ τῶν λόγων. διδάσκειν ὦν δεῖ τὼς νέως ἐξ ἀρχᾶς τάν τε τῶν θεῶν τιμὰν καὶ τὰν τῶν νόμων· ἐκ τῶνδε γὰρ φανερὸν ἂν εἴη, ὅτι πᾶν ἔργον ἀνθρώπινον καὶ βίος 〈ὃσ〉 ὁσιότατός τε καὶ εὐσεβείας μεθέξει, καὶ ὀρθοπλοιεῖ. On numbers: Ps.—Iambl. Theol. arithm. p. 21 De F. καὶ Κλεινίας δὲ ὁ Ταραντῖνος· ταῦτα γὰρ (sc. the numbers 1—4) ἄρα μένοντα μέν, φησίν, ἀριθμητικὰν καὶ γεωμετρίαν ἐγέννασεν, ἐκκινηθέντα δὲ ἁρμονίαν καὶ ἀστρονομίαν. Syrian. CAG 6.1 p. 168 Kroll ἄξιον δὴ τούτοις ἢ τὰ Κλεινίου τοῦ Πυθαγορείου παραβάλλειν, ὃς ἐξῃρῆσθαι βούλεται πανταχοῦ τὸ ἓν καὶ τὸ μέτρον οὐ μόνον σωμάτων οὐδὲ τῶν ἐγκοσμίων πραγμάτων, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτῶν τῶν νοητῶν, ἡνίκα ἂν αὐτὸ σεμνύνων ἀρχὰν εἶναι τῶν ὄντων λέγῃ καὶ νοατῶν μέτρον καὶ ἀγένητον καὶ ἀίδιον καὶ μόνον καὶ κυριῶδες, αὐτὸ ἑαυτὸ δηλοῦν. |