Tryphon was an Alexandrian grammarian and lexicographer who lived and worked during the 1st century BCE under the reign of the Roman emperor Augustus. He was a student of the scholar Didymus Chalcenterus and belonged to the grammatical tradition centered on the Library of Alexandria.

His writings were systematic treatises on specialized linguistic topics. His major known work was On Tropes, which examined rhetorical figures and styles. He also authored other works such as On Nouns, On Verbs, On Orthography, and a lexicon titled On Attic Diction. None of these works survive intact; they are lost and known only through fragments and references in later grammatical and scholarly writings.

Tryphon is considered a significant bridge between earlier Alexandrian scholarship and later traditions. His systematic studies helped standardize grammatical terminology and promoted the pursuit of linguistic correctness, which became central to later education. His work On Tropes was particularly influential, with its ideas on style being adopted by later rhetoricians. Through these fragments, his contributions became part of the foundation of Greco-Roman grammatical science.