Claudius Iolaus was a historian of the 1st century CE. His name suggests he was likely an imperial freedman of the gens Claudia. No details of his life, birthplace, or career survive.

His sole known work is the Phoenician History, which is now lost and preserved only in fragments. Iolaus is significant as a source for later scholars. His fragments were used by authors such as Stephanus of Byzantium for geographical and mythological material.

As a probable freedman writing history, he represents a distinct social stratum within Roman literary culture. His work contributes to the corpus of fragmentary historiography treating non-Greek antiquities.