Chariton of Aphrodisias was the author of the ancient Greek novel Chaereas and Callirhoe. He identifies himself as a citizen of Aphrodisias in Caria and a secretary to the rhetor Athenagoras. Scholarly consensus places his activity in the 1st century CE, based on internal evidence within his work.

His sole extant work is the prose romance Chaereas and Callirhoe, composed in eight books of Koine Greek. It is the earliest complete ancient Greek novel, establishing the genre's conventions of romantic adventure and influencing later authors. The work provides valuable insight into the popular culture and historical reception of the early Roman Empire, incorporating figures like the Persian king Artaxerxes II.