The Paraphrase of the Categories opens by dividing beings into tautonyms, heteronyms, and intermediates, then homonyms, synonyms, and paronyms. Homonyms share a name but not the definition: animal is both the living man and the painting; if you ask what it is to be an animal, one answer is an ensouled perceptive body that moves, the other colours composed to look like an animal. Homonymy by chance is Alexander Paris and Alexander of Macedon; by design, analogy (unit of number, point of a line, spring of a river, heart of an animal).
The paraphrase then walks Aristotle's ten categories — ousia, relation, where, when, position, having, doing, being-affected — with the fourfold cut of said-of and in-a-subject, and with examples such as this man, this white, knowledge in psychē.
The work is a Byzantine paraphrase of the Categories; its author is not named.
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