eul_wid: iie-ab
DOI 10.5281/zenodo.20335421 PDFMarkdown

Fragments on Life and Pleasure by Apollodorus of Carystus I

The Fragments on Life and Pleasure is a modern thematic collection of passages attributed to the New Comedy playwright Apollodorus of Carystus. This compilation, comprising forty-two excerpts, does not originate from a single work but gathers surviving lines from his lost comedies, preserved through quotation by later authors. The title is a descriptive modern label for fragments that address the genre's central concerns of daily life and hedonistic pleasure. The content of these fragments is consistent with the conventions of New Comedy, exploring romantic and familial complications, social morality, domestic life, and the pursuit and consequences of pleasure. They feature standard character types such as the cunning slave and the lovesick youth, and they frequently examine the role of fortune in human affairs.

Apollodorus's works survive only in this fragmentary state, cited by later grammarians and anthologists, most notably Athenaeus of Naucratis in his Deipnosophistae. These fragments are collected in modern editions such as Greek Comic Poets; no papyri or medieval manuscripts preserving his complete plays are known. Despite the fragmentary transmission, Apollodorus was a significant figure in the development of New Comedy and exerted a direct influence on Roman drama. The Roman playwright Terence adapted two of his plays, Hecyra and Phormio, thereby channeling Apollodorus's plots and themes into the Western comic tradition and helping to disseminate the Hellenistic focus on private life and character psychology.

ΑΜΦΙΑΡΕΩΣ.
Ἐμβαλόντες, ὦ πονηρὲ σύ,
εἰς σακκοπήραν αὐτὸν ἐπιθήσουσί που
ἐφʼ ὑποζύγιον.
ΑΝΤΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΩΝ.
ΑΠΟΛΕΙΠΟΥΣΑ.
Τὴν ἐπωμίδα
πτύξας διπλῆν ἄνωθεν ἐνεκομβωσάμην.
ΑΠΟΚΑΡΤΕΡΟΥΝΤΕΣ.
ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΕΙΔΙΟΠΟΙΟΣ.
Ὦ πάντες ἄνθρωποι, τί τὸ ζῆν ἡδέως
παρέντες ἐπιμελεῖσθε τοῦ κακῶς ποιεῖν
πολεμοῦντες ἀλλήλους; πότερα πρὸς τῶν θεῶν
ἐπιστατεῖ τις τοῦ βίου νυνὶ τύχη
ἄγροικος ἡμῶν, οὔτε παιδείαν ὅλως
εἰδυῖα, τί τὸ κακόν ποτʼ ἢ τί τἀγαθόν
ἔστʼ ἀγνοοῦσα παντελῶς εἰκῆ τέ πως
ἡμᾶς κυλίνδουσʼ ὅντινʼ ἂν τύχῃ τρόπον;
οἶμαί γε· πῶς γὰρ μᾶλλον ἂν προείλετο
Ἕλλην ἀληθῶς οὖσα λεπομένους ὁρᾶν
αὐτοὺς ὑφʼ αὑτῶν καὶ καταπίπτοντας νεκρούς,
ἐξὸν ἱλαροὺς παίζοντας ὑποπεπωκότας
αὐλουμένους ὡδί; λέγʼ αὐτή, γλυκυτάτη,
ἔλεγχʼ ἄγροικον οὖσαν ἡμῶν τὴν τύχην. …
Οὐ τοῦτο τὸ ζῆν ἐστι τὸν καλούμενον
θεῶν ἀληθῶς βίον. ὅσῳ δʼ ἡδίονα
τὰ πράγματʼ ἐν ταῖς πόλεσιν ἦν ἂν ἢ τὰ νῦν,
εἰ μεταβαλόντες τὸν βίον διήγομεν;
πίνειν Ἀθηναίους ἅπαντας, τοὺς μέχρι
ἐτῶν τριάκοντʼ ἐξιέναι, τοὺς δʼ ἱππέας
ἐπὶ κῶμον εἰς Κόρινθον ἡμέρας δέκα,
στεφάνους ἔχοντας καὶ μύρον πρὸ ἡμέρας,
τοὺς τὴν ῥάφανον πωλοῦντας ἕψειν Μεγαρέων,
εἰς τὸ βαλανεῖον ἀπιέναι τοὺς συμμάχους,
κεραννύναι τὸν οἶνον Εὐβοῆς. τρυφή
καὶ βίος ἀληθῶς. ἀλλʼ ἀπαιδεύτῳ τύχῃ
δουλεύομεν.
ΔΙΑΒΟΛΟΣ.
Καὶ κλείεθʼ ἡ θύρα μοχλοῖς· ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ εἷς
τέκτων ὀχυρὰν οὕτως ἐποίησεν θύραν,
διʼ ἧς γαλῆ καὶ μοιχὸς οὐκ εἰσέρχεται.
Μέγα,
ὦ Φορμίων, γλωττόκομον, οὐκ ὀφθαλμιῶ.
ΕΚΥΡΑ.
Ὀλίγαις ἐραστὴς γέγονʼ ἑταίραις, ὦ Σύρα,
βέβαιος.
Σύ με παντάπασιν ἡγεῖ λίθον.
Οὕτως ἕκαστός ἐστι διὰ τὰ πράγματα
ἢ σεμνὸς ἢ ταπεινός.
ΕΝΝΕΑ.
ΕΠΙΔΙΚΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ.
… μόνος ἐπίσταται φιλεῖν φίλους.
ἐγὼ γάρ εἰμι τῶν ἐμῶν ἐμὸς μόνος.
ΙΕΡΕΙΑ.
Καινόν γέ φασι Χαιρεφῶντʼ ἐν τοῖς γάμοις
ὡς τὸν Ὀφέλαν ἄκλητον εἰσδεδυκέναι.
σπυρίδα λαβὼν γὰρ καὶ στέφανον, ὡς ἦν σκότος,
φάσκων παρὰ τῆς νύμφης ὁ τὰς ὄρνεις φέρων
ἥκειν, δεδείπνηχʼ, ὡς ἔοικεν, εἰσπεσών.
ΠΡΟΙΚΙΖΟΜΕΝΗ Η ΙΜΑΤΙΟΠΩΛΙΣ.
Πλὴν τό γʼ οἰνάριον πάνυ
ἦν ὀξὺ καὶ πονηρόν, ὥστʼ ᾐσχυνόμην.
τὰ λοιπὰ μὲν γὰρ ὀξαλείους χωρία
συκᾶς φέρει, τοὐμὸν δὲ καὶ τὰς ἀμπέλους.
ΣΦΑΤΤΟΜΕΝΗ.
Καλῶ δʼ Ἄρη Νίκην τʼ ἐπʼ ἐξόδοις ἐμαῖς,
καλῶ δὲ Χαιρεφῶντα· κἂν γὰρ μὴ καλῶ,
ἄκλητος ἥξει.
Οἶδʼ ὅτι καλοῦμεν ῥάφανον, ὑμεῖς δʼ οἱ ξένοι
κράμβην· γυναιξὶ διαφέρειν οἴει δὲ τί;