Agathocles of Cyzicus On Cyzicus and Its Legends in Greek
_On Cyzicus and Its Legends_, also known by the title _Apospasmata_ or "Extracts," is a lost work of local history attributed to Agathocles of Cyzicus. It was a compiled epitome concerning the important Greek colony of Cyzicus on the Sea of Marmara, focusing on the city's historical and mythological traditions. The work survives only in fragments preserved by later ancient authors. These citations indicate its content was characteristic of local historiography, encompassing the city's foundation myths, which may have involved the Argonauts, descriptions of local cults such as that of Zeus Polieus, accounts of political history and notable citizens, and geographical and ethnographic details of the region. The primary source for fragments is Athenaeus’s _Deipnosophistae_, written around 200 CE, which cites Agathocles on matters such as a type of bread called cyzicene. Other fragments are preserved by Harpocration and Photius, while the Byzantine _Suda_ encyclopedia confirms Agathocles as the author. The work served as a source for later lexicographers and antiquarians, thereby transmitting Cyzicene traditions within the broader stream of Greek scholarly writing. Its surviving fragments remain valuable for studies of Hellenistic historiography and the local history of northwestern Asia Minor.
| t1-8 | ΠΕΡΙ ΚΥΖΙΚΟΥ. E LIBRO PRIMO Stephan. |
| 1 | Byz.: Βέσβικος, νησίδιον περὶ Κύζικον ... Ἀγαθοκλῆς δὲ ἐν πρώτῃ Περὶ Κυζίκου φησὶν ὅτι κτίσμα ἐστὶ Φερσεφόνης, καὶ ὄνομα ἔχει γίγαντος (?). Οἱ γὰρ γίγαντες ἀπορρήξαντες αἰγιαλοὺς ἐκύλιον διὰ τῆς θαλάσσης, ἐγχῶσαι τὰς ἐκβολὰς τοῦ Ῥυνδακοῦ ζητοῦντες. Ἡ δὲ Κόρη ἀγωνιῶσα περὶ Κυζίκου, τὰς πέτρας ἐρρίζωσε, καὶ νῆσον ἐποίησεν, ἥτις ἀφ’ ἑνὸς τῶν ὕστερον οἰκισάντων Πελασγῶν προσηγόρευται Βέσβικος, ἐφ’ ᾗ τοὺς λειπομένους τῶν Γιγάντων ἠφάνισε σὺν Ἡρακλεῖ. Τὸ ἐθνικὸν Βεσβικηνός. Athenaeus IX: Περὶ δὲ ὑῶν, ὅτι ἱερόν ἐστι τὸ ζῷον παρὰ Κρησὶν, Ἀγαθοκλῆς ὁ Βαβυλώνιος ἐν πρώτῳ Περὶ Κυζίκου φησὶν οὕτως· «Μυθεύουσιν ἐν Κρήτῃ γενέσθαι τὴν Διὸς τέκνωσιν ἐπὶ τῆς Δίκτης, ἐν ᾗ καὶ ἀπόρρητος γίνεται θυσία. |
| 2 | Λέγεται γὰρ ὡς ἄρα Διὶ θηλὴν ὑπέσχεν ὗς, καὶ τῷ σφετέρῳ γρυσμῷ περιοιχνεῦσα τὸν κνυζηθμὸν τοῦ βρέφεος, ἀνεπάϊστον τοῖς παριοῦσιν ἐτίθει. Διὸ πάντες τὸ ζῷον τοῦτο περίσεπτον ἡγοῦνται, καὶ οὐ (φησὶ) τῶν κρεῶν δαίσαιντο. Πραίσιοι δὲ καὶ ἱερὰ ῥέζουσιν ὑῒ, καὶ αὕτη προτελὴς αὐτοῖς ἡ θυσία νενόμισται.» Τὰ παραπλήσια ἱστορεῖ καὶ Νεάνθης ὁ Κυζικηνὸς ἐν δευτέρῳ Περὶ τελετῆς. Etym. |
| 3 | M.: Δίκτη, ὄρος τῆς Κρήτης, εἴρηται παρὰ τὸ τέκ ω , τίκτω, τίκτα τις οὖσα, ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐκεῖ τεχθῆναι τὸν Δία. Ἀγαθοκλῆς δὲ θηλυκὸν ὄνομα εἶναι τὸ Δίκταιον ὄρος (φησί). Athenaeus I: Κῦρος δὲ ὁ μέγας Πυθάρχῳ τῷ Κυζικηνῷ, φίλῳ ὄντι, ἐχαρίσατο ἑπτὰ πόλεις, ὥς φησιν ὁ Βαβυλώνιος Ἀγαθοκλῆς, Πήδασον, Ὀλύμπιον, Ἀκαμάντιον, [Τίον,] Σκῆπτρα, Ἀρτύψον, Τορτύρην. |
| 4 | Ὁ δ’ εἰς ὕβριν, φασὶ (φησὶ?), καὶ ἄνοιαν προελθὼν, τυραννεῖν ἐπεχείρησε τῆς πατρίδος, στρατιὰν συναγαγών. Καὶ οἱ Κυζικηνοὶ ἐξορμήσαντες ἐπ’ αὐτὸν ἐβοηδρόμουν, πρόκροσσοι φερόμενοι ἐπὶ τὸν κίνδυνον. E LIBRO TERTIO. |
| 5 | Idem XII: Ἀγαθοκλῆς δ’ ἐν τρίτῳ Περὶ Κυζίκου ἐν Πέρσαις φησὶν εἶναι καὶ χρυσοῦν καλούμενον ὕδωρ. Εἶναι δὲ τοῦτο λιβάδας ἑβδομήκοντα, καὶ μηδένα πίνειν ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ ἢ μόνον βασιλέα καὶ τὸν πρεσβύτατον αὐτοῦ τῶν παίδων· τῶν δ’ ἄλλων ἐάν τις πίῃ, θάνατος ἡ ζημία. Idem XIV: Ἐρῶ δὲ πρότερον περὶ τῶν παρὰ Ἀλεξανδρεῦσι καλουμένων κοννάρων καὶ παλιούρων. |
| 6 | Μνημονεύει δὲ αὐτῶν Ἀγαθοκλῆς ὁ Κυζικηνὸς, ἐν τρίτῃ τῶν Περὶ τῆς πατρίδος, λέγων οὕτως· «Κεραυνοῦ δὲ σκήψαντος εἰς τὸν τάφον, ἀνεβλάστησεν ἐκ τοῦ σήματος δενδρίον, ὃ ἐκεῖνοι κόνναρον ἐπονομάζουσιν. Ἔστι δὲ τὸ δενδρίον τῷ μεγέθει μὲν πτελέης καὶ πεύκης οὐδέν τι μεῖον. Ἀκρέμονας δ’ ἔχει θαμέας καὶ δολιχοὺς καὶ ἐπ’ ὀλίγον ἀκανθώδεας, τὸ δὲ φύλλον τέρεν καὶ χλωρὸν, τῇ φυῇ περιφερές. Καρποφορεῖ δὲ δὶς τοῦ ἔτεος, ἦρός τε καὶ φθινοπώρου. Γλυκὺς δὲ πάνυ ὁ καρπὸς, μέγεθος κατὰ φαυλίην ἐλαίην, καὶ τὴν σάρκα καὶ τὸ ὀστέον ταύτῃ προσείκελον, διαλλάσσον δὲ τῇ τοῦ χυμοῦ ἡδονῇ. Καὶ τρώγεται ἔτι χλωρὸς ὁ καρπός· καὶ ἐπὴν αὐανθῇ, ποιοῦσιν ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἄλευρα, καὶ πατέονται ταῦτα, οὐ μάξαντες, οὐδ’ ὕδατι δεύοντες, ἀλλὰ φαύλως ὁκοῖά περ πέφυκεν.» E LIBRO INCERTO Schol. |
| 7 | ad Hesiod. Th. 485: Ἀγαθοκλῆς δὲ ὁ Βαβυλώνιός φησι τὴν Ῥέαν ἐκ Προικοννήσου δέξασθαι τὸν λίθον, sc. quem Saturno devorandum dedit. Festus: Agathocles, Cyzicenarum rerum conscriptor,ait, vaticinio Heleni impulsum Aeneam Italiam petivisse portantem suam secum neptem Ascani filiam nomine Rhomam, eamque, ut Italia sint Phryges potiti et his regionibus maxime, quae nunc sunt vicinae urbi, prima omnium consecrasse in Palatio Fidei templum, in quo monte postea quum conderetur urbs, visam esse justam vocabuli Romae causam, eam, quae priore, unde ea locum dedicavisset Fidei. |
| 8a | Ait quidem Agathocles complures esse auctores, qui dicunt Aeneam sepultum in urbe Berecynthia proxime flumen Nolon, atque ex ejus progenie quendam nomine Rhomum venisse in Italiam, et urbem Romam nominatam condidisse. Solin. |
| 8b | Polyh. c. I: Agathocles scribit Romen non captivam fuisse, ut supra dictum est, sed ab Ascanio natam, Aeneae neptem, appellationis istius causam fuisse. ΥΠΟΜΝΗΜΑΤΑ. |
| 9 (t) | E LIBRO SEPTIMO. Schol. Apoll. Rh. IV, 761: Ἀγαθοκλῆς ἐν τοῖς Ὑπομνήμασι περὶ τῶν χαλκείων τοῦ Ἡφαίστου ἱστορῶν, φησὶ κατὰ Σικελίαν δύο εἶναι νήσους, ὧν ἡ μὲν καλεῖται Ἱέρα, ἡ δὲ Στρογγύλη· αἵτινες ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτὸς πῦρ ἀφιᾶσιν. [Ὁ δὲ αὐτός φησιν ἐν ἑβδόμῳ· «Ἐν Σικελίᾳ νῆσοι ὑπάρχουσι. Τούτων δύο πῦρ ἀφιᾶσι.] Καλεῖται δὲ ἡ μὲν Αἰόλου, ἡ δὲ Ἡφαίστου, ἐν ᾗ πυρὸς ποταμούς φασιν ἀνιέναι.» Cicero De div. |
| 10 | I, 24: Apud Agathoclem scriptum in historia est Hamilcarem Carthaginiensem quum oppugnaret Syracusas, visum esse audire vocem se postridie coenaturum Syracusis: quum autem is dies illuxisset, magnam seditionem in castris ejus inter Poenos et Siculos milites esse factam: quod quum sensissent Syracusani, improvisos eos in castra irrupisse, Hamilcaremque ab iis vivum esse sublatum. Ita res somnium comprobavit. |