Troilus of Constantinople was a pagan sophist and rhetorician active in Constantinople during the late fourth and early fifth centuries CE. A student of Lachares of Athens, he was a contemporary and rival of the sophist Syrianus. He taught rhetoric and held political influence in the capital during the reign of Theodosius II. His prominence is confirmed by his correspondence with Synesius of Cyrene, who sought his patronage in civic affairs.

The Suda records that he had a daughter named Terentia. No writings by Troilus survive, though the same source notes he composed declamations and rhetorical works, all of which are now lost. Troilus represents the enduring legacy of the Second Sophistic in late antique Constantinople, illustrating the persistence of classical education among elites in an increasingly Christian empire. His documented career and connections highlight the period's complex intellectual and religious cross-currents.