Promathion the Historian was a Hellenistic author of the 3rd century BCE. No details of his origin or life survive beyond his authorship of a historical work.

His sole known work is the Italika, a prose history of Italy. The text is lost, preserved only in fragments quoted by later authors like Dionysius of Halicarnassus. Promathion’s significance lies in his role as a source for early Roman and Italian legends. Dionysius cites his version of the Romulus and Remus myth, which incorporated the hero Hercules.

His work represents Hellenistic local historiography that connected Italian traditions to Greek mythology. He is referenced in modern scholarship on variants of Roman foundation myths.