Nymphodorus was a 5th-century BCE Greek historian from Abdera in Thrace. His life is known primarily through Thucydides, who records that Nymphodorus, an exiled citizen, was recalled by Athens around 430/429 BCE to serve as their official representative. He successfully negotiated an alliance between Athens and the Thracian king Sitalces, cementing it by arranging the marriage of his sister to the king. He was thus a diplomat of strategic importance to Athens early in the Peloponnesian War.

He is credited with authoring a geographical work titled Periplus of Asia, which is now lost and survives only in fragments. This work belonged to the tradition of Ionian ethnography. Later writers cite him for descriptions of wondrous peoples and customs, placing his work within the realm of early paradoxography.