Asclepiades of Tragilus was a 4th-century BCE Greek mythographer and scholar. His epithet indicates origin from the town of Tragilus in Chalcidice. A pupil of the orator Isocrates in Athens, he authored the Tragodoumena, a systematic prose work in at least six books that cataloged the mythological subjects treated in Athenian tragedy.

His major work, the now-lost Tragodoumena, compiled myths used by tragic poets, frequently citing specific plays and noting variant versions of the narratives. Asclepiades is significant as an early and influential mythographer. His systematic approach to organizing mythological material based on its tragic treatment pioneered a scholarly methodology that later Hellenistic compilers would adopt.

His fragments provide valuable evidence for lost tragedies and the development of mythographical scholarship, influencing authors such as Hyginus and Photius.