Andromachus the Elder was a Greek physician from Crete who practiced in Rome during the 1st century CE. He served as the personal physician to Emperor Nero. The epithet "the Elder" distinguishes him from his son, Andromachus the Younger, also a physician.

His sole surviving work is the didactic hexameter poem Theriaca, which details the composition of his famous multi-ingredient antidote, the Theriaca Andromachi or "Galene". A 174-line fragment of this pharmacological poem is preserved in the writings of the physician Galen.

Andromachus holds a notable place in the history of pharmacology for formulating the Theriaca Andromachi, a complex panacea that remained a renowned pharmaceutical compound for centuries. By composing the recipe in verse, he adhered to a tradition of technical didactic poetry to aid memorization. His work was extensively quoted and analyzed by Galen, ensuring its transmission and enduring influence through Byzantine, Arabic, and medieval medicine.