Polycharmus the Historian was a Greek author of the 4th–3rd centuries BCE. The epithet "the Historian" distinguishes him from other figures of the same name. No biographical details survive.

His only known work is On Aphrodite, preserved solely in a single fragment. The grammarian Athenaeus of Naucratis quotes this fragment in his Deipnosophistae. It records that the courtesans of Naucratis in Egypt were the first to establish a temple to Aphrodite.

Polycharmus is a minor, fragmentary historian. His significance lies entirely in this one citation, which provides a specific detail about the cult of Aphrodite and social history in a Hellenistic Greek settlement. His work exemplifies the lost local histories used as sources by later compilers like Athenaeus.