Neophron of Sicyon was a 5th-century BCE Greek tragedian and a contemporary of Euripides. The Suda credits him with 120 plays and claims he first introduced the paidagogos character to the stage. He is primarily known for a single significant work, and ancient sources record a controversy alleging either that Euripides plagiarized Neophron's Medea or that Neophron plagiarized Euripides.

His only definitively attributed play is the tragedy Medea, which survives only in fragments. Its existence and its contested relationship with Euripides' more famous version are well-documented in ancient scholarship. Neophron's significance stems entirely from this ancient controversy. Aristotle cites a speech from "the Medea" in his Rhetoric, and a later commentator identifies this as a reference to Neophron's version, indicating its notable reputation. This dispute establishes him as a minor but historically intriguing figure in the development of Attic tragedy and the handling of the Medea myth.