Lynceus of Samos was a comic poet active in the late 4th and early 3rd centuries BCE, a contemporary of Menander. He was the brother of the historian and tyrant Duris of Samos and a pupil of the philosopher Theophrastus at the Lyceum, placing him within early Hellenistic intellectual circles in Athens.

His comic output survives only in fragments, with two known titles: Centaur and Aphrodisia. Lynceus also authored prose works, including a critical treatise On Menander, a collection of Apophthegms, and a gastronomic work titled The Gastronomy, which discussed culinary practices. He is also known to have written letters, including one to Ptolemy II Philadelphus.

Lynceus represents a bridge between New Comedy, Peripatetic philosophy, and Hellenistic prose. His gastronomic writing offers valuable insight into contemporary social history and material culture, while his treatise on Menander establishes him as an early critic of the foremost New Comedy playwright.