The Anonymous Disciple of Isidore of Miletus is known only as the author of a single surviving technical treatise, which identifies him as a follower of the renowned 6th-century mathematician and architect Isidore of Miletus. Isidore famously co-designed the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. This connection places the anonymous disciple within the same intellectual and technical milieu of the Eastern Roman Empire, continuing the tradition of late antique mathematical scholarship into the early Byzantine period.

His sole extant work is the treatise On the Construction of Vaults, which addresses the geometry and construction of vaults and arches. This treatise is a rare technical document from the 6th century CE, offering direct insight into the practical geometric knowledge and construction techniques of the Justinianic era. As a work by a follower of Isidore of Miletus, it forms a critical link in the transmission of architectural engineering from late antiquity to later Byzantine practice, illuminating the applied mathematics behind ambitious vaulted structures like the Hagia Sophia.