The Synodical Letter of the Council of Caesarea is a 4th-century CE ecclesiastical document, not an individual author. It is a conciliar epistle produced by bishops convened in Caesarea, the metropolitan see of Cappadocia Prima, to announce decisions on doctrine, discipline, or church governance. This period was defined by theological controversy and conciliar activity following Christianity's legalization, with Caesarea being a major center associated with figures like Basil the Great.

The work is a fragmentary conciliar epistle, as indicated by the term "excerpt" in its title. The letter exemplifies a key genre of early Christian administrative literature, vital for building networks of communication and doctrinal consensus. Its survival, even as a fragment, provides evidence for the theological and institutional activity within an important 4th-century metropolitan see, illustrating how orthodoxy and church structures were defined through regional councils.