Callicratidas was a Spartan naval commander, or navarch, during the Peloponnesian War. He assumed command of the Peloponnesian fleet in 406 BCE. Ancient sources portray him as a figure of traditional Spartan austerity who openly disdained the practice of flattering Persian patrons for financial support. His brief command ended with his death at the decisive Battle of Arginusae in 406 BCE, where he drowned after his ship was disabled.

No philosophical or literary works by Callicratidas are attested. His historical presence is documented solely through his military actions and statements recorded by historians.

Callicratidas is significant as the Spartan commander at the Battle of Arginusae, a major Athenian victory that precipitated a notorious political trial in Athens. He is often presented as an exemplar of old-fashioned Spartan virtue and panhellenic idealism, a figure contrasted with the pragmatic Realpolitik of his successor, Lysander.