Antiochus of Syracuse was a Greek historian of the fifth century BCE. A citizen of Syracuse, he was a contemporary of Thucydides, active during the later part of the century. His writings focus on the Greek colonization of Italy and Sicily and the ensuing conflicts with indigenous peoples and between Greek cities. No further biographical details are recorded.

His sole known work is On Italy, a history of the Greek colonization of Italy and Sicily which survives only in fragments preserved by later authors. Antiochus is a significant, though fragmentary, source for early Greek history in the western Mediterranean. His On Italy was used as an authoritative source by later historians like Strabo and Dionysius of Halicarnassus. The fragments provide valuable evidence for the Greek perspective on the foundations of cities and interactions with Italic peoples.