Amelesagoras of Chalcedon was a Greek historian of the 5th century BCE. He came from Chalcedon, a Megarian colony on the Bosporus. No other details of his life or education are known. He is credited with a single prose work, preserved only in fragments written in the Attic dialect. Its original title is lost. Later authors, including Eratosthenes and Plutarch, cite the work for its mythological and genealogical content.

Amelesagoras is considered a minor early historian, often grouped among the mythographers. His significance lies in his role as a source for later writers on mythological traditions. Plutarch cites his account of Homer's parentage, in which the poet is the son of the river Meles and the nymph Critheis. A scholiast on Euripides also references him for a variant of the myth concerning the daughters of Anius. His work exemplifies the characteristic blend of myth and local history found in early Greek historiography.