First draft. This English translation was generated by
Claude Sonnet 4.6, critiqued by Claude Haiku 4.5, and adjudicated/corrected
once by Claude Sonnet 4.6. It is published for reading and review, not as a
final scholarly edition. Hippocratic medical recipes and treatments are
historical text, not medical advice.
ON ANATOMY. The artery, taking its origin from each side of the throat-passage, terminates at the apex of the lung, being composed of rings arranged in uniform sequence, the encircling parts touching one another surface to surface.
1 [25]
The lung itself fills out the shell together with the other contents, turned toward the left, having five summits which they call lobes, of an ash-grey color, marked with dusky spots, wasp-nest-like in nature. The heart is seated in its middle, being rounder in form than in any other living creature. From the heart a great quantity of bronchial tissue extends to the liver, and alongside the bronchial tissue a vessel called the great vein, through which the whole body is nourished. The liver has the same structural pattern as all the others, but is more blood-filled than the rest, having two projecting summits which they call gates, lying on the right side; from it an uneven vein extends downward toward the lower part of the kidneys. The kidneys are of the same structural pattern, and in color they resemble apples; from them, irregular ducts lie toward the very apex of the bladder. The bladder is altogether sinewy and large; on each side there is a share of the bladder, toward where it has grown. And nature arranged these six in between on the inside. The esophagus, taking its beginning from the tongue, terminates in the stomach, which they call by the same name when referring to the putrefying belly. Behind the spine, behind the liver, the diaphragm has grown. From the false rib — I mean the left one — the spleen, beginning there, extends in the same structural pattern as the footprint of a foot. The stomach lying beside the liver on the left side is whole in all its parts and sinewy. From the stomach there grows an intestine of the same structural pattern, small, not less than twelve cubits, coiling in winding folds, which some call the colon, through which the conveyance of nourishment takes place. From the colon there grows the last part of the gut, having abundant flesh, terminating at the tip of the anal ring. The rest nature has arranged.